Essay on The Waiting Room- Creative Writing - 653 Words

The waiting room was still and quiet except for the hypnotic tick of the old plastic clock hanging on the wall. A smell evoking images of latex gloves and mouthwash hung in the air, as the dentist worked behind the closed door. The little boy across the room fidgeted uncontrollably while his mother chose to ignore it. Her face was drawn and pale. Her hands were placed on top of her lap and she wrung them continuously. She wore baggy red patterned trousers, a multi-coloured striped jumper and on her head was a faded red bandana, firmly sealed over a mass of scruffy brown curls. The child’s brown hair stuck out in all directions. His coat was dated, his tracksuit bottoms gathered around his ankles, and†¦show more content†¦Slowly, the gossip calmed and again the only noise in the waiting room was the hypnotic tick of the clock. Minutes passed by and it wasn’t long before the scruffy lady and her little boy stepped out of the dentist’s room and made their w ay to the secretary’s desk. The secretary looked up. â€Å"Can I help you?† she enquired. The lady didn’t answer but gazed out of the window behind the desk; her big brown eyes were shallow and empty. Her little boy began to tug on her jumper, â€Å"Mummy†¦the lady†¦Mummy!† The mother soon snapped out of her daze and scanned the secretary’s face. â€Å"Oh I’m sorry, I got lost in my thoughts then.† She apologised. They arranged appointment for the little boy in a week’s time, and quickly made their way towards the door. As they stepped outside, they were hit by a cool blast of wind. Leaves swirled around them and there was a slight chill in the air. The trees swayed gently in the breeze and their golden leaves glistened in the sun. The mother took the little boys hand and made their way to the town’s park. The park was scattered with children playing in the playground, and mothers sat on the surrounding benches gossiping. Their clothes were tidy and smart; most of the children and their mothers resembled an advertisement for â€Å"Gap† or â€Å"Next†. TheShow MoreRelatedLiteracy Throughout A Large Majority Of My Schooling Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pagesalways a right or wrong answer and in the end when everyone turned their papers in, they would all be similar. There was no creative aspect, structure and grammar was always important and in the end, all of the students would end up receiving an â€Å"A†. That is, until seventh grade. That was when I realized just how i mportant literacy is. I was taking a course entitled â€Å"Creative Writing†, and it opened up my mind to two ideas. The first, was that there were more ways to write a paper other than the fiveRead MoreBecause I Could Not Stop for Death and I Heard A Fly Buzz When I Died Poems by Emily Dickinson804 Words   |  4 Pagesdeath, several questions come to mind about what happens in our afterlife, such as: where do you go and what do you see? 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Of course, we must make a distinction between Aristotle instructing passionate disciples on the definition of happiness and a humble foreign language teacher attempting to familiarize a horde ofRead MoreLoss of Freedom in Sedaris This Old House and Angelous Caged Bird1274 Words   |  6 PagesSedaris constructs his feelings through narrative writing, and Angelou explores her concerns through descriptive writing with the analogy of a bird, they still are exploring the similar topic of perceived loss. The loss of freedom, demonstrated by the demand to uphold a family image, versus the caged bird, remain very similar in both pieces due to perceived entrapment, disappointment and self-nonentity. Descriptive essays leave room for misinterpretation and confusion, where as a narrative essayRead MoreA Room Of One s Own By Alice Walker906 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history, women have not been treated equally. During the twentieth centuary, two feminist authors, tried to comment on society. In the essay â€Å"In Search of a Room of One’s Own,† written by Virginia Woolf in 1929, she talks about the experiences of women s lives in her two lectures to women at Ca mbridge University. This was a time just after women in England had gotten the right to vote, but they were still a facing the gender bias. In the essay â€Å"In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens† writtenRead MoreFirst One Semester Of My College Year913 Words   |  4 Pagesjust happy about there will be no classes or homework for me for a while. I never enjoyed nor good at writing a few pages of paper. If there is any homework assignments are due on the same date, I would always do the assignments for other classes, then come back to the paper and start staring into the computer screen for hours rather than moving my fingers on keyboard and type. Honestly writing is not my favorite thing to do in this world, but I know I could do better when I try. GSW 1110 is theRead MoreSnow In August Essay1017 Words   |  5 PagesHirsch whispered they would be. After their long journey, they came to rest here. In this abandoned room. Waiting until they were needed. Waiting for meâ €  (Hamill 324). Michael’s willingness to do anything he could in real life and in his brain for the Rabbi showed how he could use his creativity, generosity, and imagination for good as opposed to for evil. When Michael was thinking that they were â€Å"Waiting for me†, it shows how Michael was using his imagination for good to further bring out his positivityRead MoreCreative Title Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pages Creative Title It has been 2 years since Johnny and Dally died and a lot has happened. I have been doing pretty good, the theme that I wrote a few years ago actually got quite a bit of publicity because the teacher loved it so much. I was in the newspaper. Darry and I have actually convinced Soda to go back to school. Since Sodapop isn’t the most motivated person in the world, we signed him up for a tutor after school twice a week so he will actually do his homework. So far he’s actually beenRead More Death in Auden’s Funeral Blues, Forche’s Memory of Elena, and Dickinson’s Last Night that She lived1678 Words   |  7 Pagesthat it has on his life. It is interesting how people choose to accept this permanent and expected event, death. Similarly, Emily Dickinson has written many poems about death, such as â€Å"The last Night that She lived† (843), which describes a family waiting for a woman or girl to die and the dreary and depressed mood that exists within the household. Mourning is considered a perfectly healthy reaction when someone who is deeply loved and cared about passes on, and this is illustrated in â€Å"The MemoryRead MoreDescribe The Importance Of Childrens Personal Safety1222 Words   |  5 Pagesadults (staff, volunteers and visitors is recorded. ï‚ · Photographs of staff are displayed at the entrances to both the main and baby room. Number coded locks on the entrance to the baby room and the door into the baby room is locked from the inside at all times. ï‚ · At busy times a member of staff will great parents/carers at the main doors to the main and baby room when they arrive and depart. ï‚ · All visitors are asked for identification before being allowed into the setting and must sign in the

Hug Me by Meg Dia Song Analysis - 1249 Words

Joyce G. Almencion March 14, 2013 BA Literature â€Å"Hug Me† by Meg amp; Dia inspired by the novel â€Å"Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley American rock band Meg amp; Dia has always been inspired by literature in writing their songs. In 2005, they released an album called Something Real which contains twelve tracks that are all inspired by literary works like John Steinbeck’s â€Å"East of Eden†, â€Å"Rebecca† by Daphne du Maurier, and Vladimir Nabokov’s â€Å"Mary†. The song â€Å"Hug Me† however, did not make it to this album. It appeared on the next one called Here, here and here and it is the only song in that album that is inspired by a literary work†¦show more content†¦The line â€Å"Your eyes are dust, dirt porn magazines† represents the way how John believes Lenina thinks because all the World State citizen think about is having someone and have sexual intercourse with them. Another line, â€Å"You’re lazy, selfish but you were raised that way†, describes another characteristic of the World State citizens. They seemed very lazy and selfis h due to how simple their life is in the World State compared to John’s life back in the Reservation. In the novel, John is willing to sweep the floors for Lenina, but she responded, â€Å"We’ve got vacuum cleaners†, calling it Epsilon Semi-Moron work. John is trying to impress her by doing ‘nobly’ jobs but Lenina just do not understand the concept of working. The next line, â€Å"It’s a whore here that was bred†, refers to John’s view of Lenina when she starts taking her clothes off thinking that it is what John wants when he confessed his love to her. John, quoting Shakespeare, called her an â€Å"impudent strumpet† which means whore. He realizes that the World State’s view of love has bred Lenina into a whore. In the chorus, there is a line that goes: â€Å"It’s the very face I fell for in the human race.† It tells about the love that Lenina has for John. She is attracted to his physical beauty exactly like what she feels with people in the World State. The next line, â€Å"I was brainwashed to be honest in this brave new world† simply describes the citizens of

Final Year Project Report free essay sample

My deepest appreciation also goes out to Mrs. Sharatul Izah Bt. Samsudin who gave me many needed support, encouragement and help throughout my project’s improvement in PSM I, and my friends who struggling with me exploring this scope. Not to forget, thanks to my family and fellow friends who encouraged me. Finally, thank you to all those involved directly and indirectly helping me out during my PSM I PSM II which I can’t state out every one of them. A special expression of gratitude is extended to everyone for their tolerance and patience in doing the project. I must admit that they had enriched me in many ways and words alone are not enough to express my gratitude. vii ABSTRACT The purpose of this project is to develop an automatic railway gate system that uses the microcontroller as a main function of design. The principle objective of this project was to design an automatic railway gate control by microcontroller. This project deals to develop a prototype of railway gate that function automatically by using microcontroller. Besides that, the interfacing program also had been developed for the integration part. The operation using microcontroller (PIC16F877A) that integrated with other circuits involved such as power supply, IR sensor, light and buzzer, gate motor and LCD display. All the circuits will be combining to demonstrate the operation of microcontroller (PIC16F877A). This system will make improvement towards the manually operation before this. Human supervision will be considered if there are problems occurred while this system was operated. viii ABSTRAK Tujuan projek ini adalah untuk membina sebuah sistem pengendalian pagar lintasan keretapi secara automatik yang menggunakan mikropengawal sebagai asas binaan di dalam rekaannya. Prinsip tujuan projek ini adalah untuk membina sistem pengendalian pagar lintasan kereta api secara automatik dengan menggunakan mikropengawal. Ia termasuk untuk membangunkan sebuah prototaip sistem pagar lintasan kereta api yang berfungsi secara automatic. Selain itu, sebuah program juga dibentuk bagi menggabungkan bahagian-bahagian tertentu di dalam sistem ini. Operasi mikropengawal (PIC16F877A) juga melibatkan litar-litar lain seperti litar bekalan kuasa, infrared, lampu dan buzzer, motor dan paparan LCD. Kesemua litar-litar ini digabungkan bagi menunjukkan bagaimana mikropengawal (PIC16F877A) beroperasi. Project Introduction In general, this project utilizes the importance of microcontroller as a main design. It used to provide improvement into manual system that exist nowadays. Microcontroller is a small unit of controller that acted following the instruction programmed. All the circuits included in this prototype were designed following the suitability of PIC16F877A. This automatic railway gate system was operated after signal received from the IR sensor. This signal used to trigger the PIC16F877A for operating the gate motor and alarm indicators by instruction programmed. Electronic applications used to enable this system operated in automatic mode. The computer usage must be fully utilized to building up a system that encourage implementing of the technology. 2 1. 2 Project Objectives The microcontroller (PIC16F877A) is use to demonstrate the integration of computer method in railway gate operation. The objectives of this project are: i. To develop a prototype of railway gate that function automatically by using microcontroller. ii. To develop an interfacing program for the integration part of microcontroller operation. iii. To design an automatic railway gate control by using microcontroller. Furthermore, this project is aimed to replace the gatekeepers with an automatic system. It is develop to apply the structure of interfacing program in between to give a lot of advantages. 1. 3 Problem Statement Nowadays, the railway gate is operating by manual operation. It is operating in the area that there are railway line junction with the road. The railway gate management has to employ workers to be on duty for control the operation. Due to this, the worker will manually open and close the gate with under supervision. This prototype will introduce the automatic railway gate operation. This system will make improvement towards the manually operation before this. Human supervision will be considered if there are problems occurred while this system was operated. This is an idea to perform computer integration with mechanical structure to simulate what the system can do. Control system with computer applications will make the management or consumer become more effective. Therefore, this is the best example in develop railway gate management system become more efficient. 3 1. 4 Scope of Works This project covered the operation of automatic railway gate control by using microcontroller (PIC16F877A). The circuits involved such as power supply, IR sensor, light and buzzer, gate motor and LCD display. All of these operations will be combining to demonstrate the operation of microcontroller (PIC16F877A). The operations of microcontroller works follow the instruction programmed. The combining circuits were constructed on Proteus software to seen whether that circuits was right or not. After that, the hardware part was constructed after all the simulation being done. IR sensor circuit is providing signal to triggered the PIC16F877A. The sensed signal wills active the gate motor and LCD display. Alarm and indication light circuit was provided as additional part of this system. Additional elements can be added without affecting the remaining elements. This allows the flexibility of the developed system. 4 1. 5 Methodology This project began with the research of the proposed title. The result of that research is then discussed with the supervisor. Once the title of project was approved, the background of study for this project was explored. PIC16F877A was chosen as a microcontroller. Then, the circuits’ simulation was performed. In the other hand, the instruction programmed also being built for the interfacing part. After all being settled, the construction of hardware part was started after the components were being chosen. In all the steps done there are troubleshooting part to resolve the problems facing. Between hardware part and instruction programmed built, there are integrated step that allows the PIC16F877A to simulate all the operations of the system. After all the part is complete to built, some analysis should being made to show what the solution of the problems occurred. It involving the comparison between the research that had been done before this. 5 1. 6 Report Structure Chapter 1 introduced the project as a whole. The early and basic explanations were mentioned in this chapter. This chapter consisted of the project introduction and objectives, problem statements, scope of work, and the simplified methodology. Chapter 2 is literature review. Past projects system were taken into consideration when completing this chapter. The ways those projects and researches had been done were compared with what this project. These comparisons were done to understand what this project is all about and where it stands. Chapter 3 is methodology. It explained how this project came to be. This chapter explained the part most important of all, the flow this project. What had been researched and what needed to be done was explained in this chapter. Chapter 4 concentrated on the result and discussion of this project. What had been done was explained in diagrams and written programs. The expected results also mentioned in this chapter. Chapter 5 was the final chapter in this report. The conclusions and recommendations were placed in this chapter. In other words, the conclusion was the summary of what had been done throughout this project. After the project was done, recommendations were made and any expansions or upgrades that might be done in the future were suggested. 6 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 Previous System At present scenario, in the level crossing line the railway gate is operated normally by a gate keeper. This happen when the railway line is cross over the road and there are a gate that have to be controlled. The gate keeper work after receiving the information about the train arrival from the nearer station. When the train starts to leave the station, the particular station delivers the information to give the signal for gate keeper to get ready. This is the operation are followed for operating the railway gates. In addition, this automatic railway gate system can contribute a lot of benefit either to the road user or to the railway management. This type of gate can be implementing in the level crossing where the chances of accidents are higher. The computer integration will be use to provide addition in the latest technology. 7 2. 2 Block Diagram Description Figure 2. 2. 1: Block diagram of the system This prototype of project demonstrated the Automatic Railway Gate Control by Using Microcontroller (PIC16F877A). The sensors are fixed at the certain distance on both sides of the gate, that is before the train arrive and after the train departure. The sensed signal is send to the microcontroller (PIC16F877A) and checked whether there are vehicles or people between the gate. At the same time, alarm and indication light signal are provided to the road users to warn the closing of gates. In sequences, the gate motor will move forward direction to close the gate. It will stay closed at certain time until the train has crossed the gate and reached the second sensor activate the motor in backward direction so the gate will open. Lighting signal also provided at the certain distance as pre cautionary step for driver. Meanwhile, the nearer station also will provide an indication alarm to remind them about the crossing train. If anything happened at the gates, this alarm will alert the station. LCD display will show the arrival of the train to cross the gate as additional features of this system.

What Causes Aggression free essay sample

What Causes Aggression? Is It an Instinct or a Learned Behaviour? BY Monkey73 What causes aggression? Is it an Instinct or a learned behaviour? (a) Compare and contrast the views of any two psychological domains on the causes of aggression. (b) Evaluate the validity of their claims in the order to reach an informed decision about the causes of aggression. In order to explore the causes of aggressive behaviour, we have to be clear about what we mean by aggressive behaviour. The psychological definitions of aggression are determined by theoretical perspectives and there is no consensus within or cross the sciences about its components. For example some researchers support that aggression is an inborn, instinctive process based on which we intend to harm others. Such approaches adopt a definition that places emphasis on the intention to harm others. So it views aggression as the intention to harm others and this is not dependent of whether actual harm is inflicted. Other theorists attribute aggression to being a learned behaviour and lay emphasis on observable behaviours that result in eliciting harm to another person. It highlights that the harm needs to be evident so it an be observed and does not view thoughts or unobservable emotions as being components of aggressive behaviour. Bandura in 1973 defined aggression as behaviour that results in personal injury or destruction of property (Hogg, M, Vaughan, G. 1998, p. 40) Anderson and Bushman 2002 postulate aggression is behaviour which causes intentional harm to another person (Glassman 2004, p. 337). Thus it seems current explanations of aggression fall into two board classes which focus on biological or social environment influences. The following essay is going to explore and contrast the distinct views of the biological and behaviourist domains on etermining aggression. It will walk through the core ideas which form the basis for each theory and illustrate the main differences on whether they view aggression as an instinct or as a learned behaviour. I will conclude by assessing the validity of each theory based on existing research. The biological domain views aggressive behaviour as being an innate part of human nature and we are programmed at birth to act in that way. It looks at the genetic, inborn characteristics of the person and not the situation as being the key determinants. Among the biological approaches, important contribution came from he field of ethology, which is concerned with the comparative study of animal and human behaviour. As one of the fields pioneers, Konrad Lorenz (1974) offered a model of aggression that dealt specifically with the issue of how aggressive energy is developed and set free in both humans and animals. His core assumption is that the organism continuously builds up aggressive energy and he likens this process to the operation of a reservoir filling up with water. Occasionally the reservoir needs to be emptied in a controlled fashion, otherwise it will overflow. Whether or not this energy ill lead to the manifestation of aggressive behaviour depends on two factors: (a) the (b) the strength of the external stimuli (e. g. the sight or smell of predator) capable of triggering an aggressive response. So this suggests the potential or instinct for aggression may be innate and the actual aggressive behaviour is elicited by specific stimuli in the environment know sign stimuli. Sign stimuli are environmental cues which regulate the expression of behaviours related to innate drives (Glassman 2004, p. 40) Some sign stimuli elicit the individual aggression, whereas other sign stimuli ay act as inhibitors. He also argues that aggression serves an evolunationary function, allowing the strongest and fittest members of a group to survive and re- produce, whereas eliminating the weaker members. If the aggression is not frequently released in controllable and manageable amounts, that are in accordance with environmental cues the risk is that it will build up and become unmanageable and randomly expressed. Also geneticists have offered theories on aggression by examining physiological processes. Their main focus has been to look at how the brain functions and how it can control aggression. The behaviourist approach view aggression as a learned behaviour and place significance on environmental influences rather then internal drives. They see aggression as a particular class of voluntary responses, which are acquired and modified by the means of reinforcement. This viewpoint emphasises the role of the situation rather than the person and individuals are seen as passive and as receptors of stimulation offered by the environment. The external world shapes learning by offering reinforcement and learning itself is seen as the outcome of associating certain behaviours with rewards or punishments. There are two main aspects of aggressive behaviour which have been supported by this approach: instrumental aggression and the role of frustration in aggression. Instrumental aggression is aggressive behaviour which is maintained because it is positively reinforced (Glassman 2004, p. 342). The primary goal of such aggression is not injury or harm to the victim; the aggression is simply a means to some other desired end. One such end could be self defence. Thus whenever the individual wishes to achieve the same environmental response, they demonstrate the same patterns of aggressive ehaviour. In contrast not all acts of aggression lead to reinforcement and in contrast the individual may be punished. The behaviourists Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mower and Sears in 1939 introduced the concept of frustration-aggression hypotheses. This incorporates the concept that aggression might actually be the automatic response of an individual that gets frustrated. Frustration can be defined as the blocking of a goal-orientated response and they viewed this to be the sole cause of aggression. They believed that whenever an individual tries to achieve a goal, environmental onditions block our activity and hence the individual experiences frustration and this can elicit aggressive behaviours. This concept represents the backbone of the approach as it indicates the environment affects the behaviour and the individual is seen as responding to external events. The aggressive energy need not explode directly against its source. Their theory suggests that people learn to inhibit direct retaliation, especially when others might disapprove or punish; instead we displace our hostilities to safer targets. Displacement occurs in the old anecdote about a man dog, which bites the postman. It is clear though, not every frustration leads to an aggressive response. Therefore the earlier proposition of a deterministic relationship between frustration and aggression was altered into a probabilistic version by Miller in 1941. Moderating variables may also explain why aggression is frequently displaced away from the frustrator onto more easily accessible or less intimidating target. Marcus-Newhall, Pederson, Carlson and Miller 2000 found consistent evidence for the displacement of aggression from the source of the frustration onto a less powerful or more accessible target across a total of 49 studies. Berkowitz 1978 suggests that aggression can be produced by reinforcement, even in the absence of frustration and so challenges the original hypothesis too. In comparing the two domains, biological theories place their significance on genetic, inborn characteristics which drive a persons behaviour and emotion. In contrast the behaviourists insist that aggression in humans is the product of environmental demands and is acquired through the customary laws of learning. They see aggression to be solely caused by a stimulus from the external world and it is a suggested response which is based upon reinforcement. On treating aggression, the behaviourists suggest the environment can be modified by ensuring the external world has an appropriate structure of reinforcement and punishment available. Hence this will inhibit people from learning aggression or the behaviour can be unlearned. Whereas Lorenz argues that nothing can alter to eliminate aggression all together but to provide suitable forms of cathersis such as sports to allow individuals to release the build up energy and prevent the random leakages. The validity of the biological domain comes under heavy criticism as it lacks empirical evidence. Lorenzs concept of aggression energy is not easily measurable and lacks an operational definition. Also the comparative study of animal behaviours does not prove that they have the same cause in humans. Also the method of catharsis has little experimental support too. Despite the lack of direct evidence, the ethnologists view does have some appeal on the aspect that humans do have an evolutionary genetic heritage and seeing aggression as innate fits in well with some cultural beliefs. Overall though the evidence for a biological basis for aggression has gaps and thus is viewed as being more suggestive than conclusive. In contrast, the behaviourist theory has more direct supporting evidence and several studies such as those conducted by Lovaas 1961, Loew 1967 indicate that hostile and helpful verbalizations can act as regulators of non verbal aggression, so proving the concept of learning. Although the notion of not all frustration leads to aggressive behaviour and not all people respond to frustration in the same way does prevent the theory from being applied across the board. Different individuals may employ different sorts of aggressive behaviour in response to a frustrating situation and so he theory does not account for the different reactions and modes of expressing frustration. Also researchers have found that aggression can be exhibited when there is no obvious environmental reinforcement and the displacement of aggression can not be easily predicted. In conclusion despite the above criticisms the behaviourist approach does offer more in the way of supporting evidence than the aggression and frustration-aggression hypothesis together can account for many cases of aggressive behaviour and there seems no question that frustration can elicit ggression in certain instances.

The Future of the Home Houses in 2030

Table of Contents Introduction Luxury Home 2030 Family Four Bedroom House Basic One Bedroom Flat Conclusion Reference List Introduction The achievements in the sphere of design and building show that within a short period of time, certain changes in house constructions may take place. One of the most spread thoughts is offered by Gerald Stryi-Hipp (2006): in 2030, the vast majority of homes will be heated by means of solar thermal only. Such choice will influence the use of energy and help society to save money reducing energy demands as well as improve the design of houses as there will be no need to use some electric tools.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Future of the Home: Houses in 2030 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, the evaluation of three types of homes will be offered to define how materials and requirements for building as well as ethical aspects and technological use ma y be changed: a luxury home should be provided with a number of electronic gadgetry to help the owner save time and enjoy the design, a family four bedroom detached home aims at improving the life of a family, and a basic one bedroom flat with a number of significant attributes for living. Luxury Home 2030 Talking about the materials for a luxury home 2030, it is necessary to consider their nature. One of the most effective ways is to use special glass for luxury homes with the help of which the whole home is lightened and open for the sun, still, it is impossible to look through it. With the help of special digital technologies, it may be possible to change the colour of wallpapers in accordance with the owners’ mood. There is a special program implemented into the house that allows a person to choose from 1 to 5 colours. The following in-house technologies are possible for the chosen building: FM radio, digital TV that may be placed anywhere in the house, and furniture tran sformation. Due to the fact that the technologies are designed into the house before it is built, it is necessary to meet a number of requirements: solar thermal equipment that is located on the roof and provides the whole building with the necessary amount of solar energy, all walls are bearing and may be made of special pressured bricks and compressed earth blocks, and, finally, doors are made of strong wood that holds warm in the house. The chosen material and design meet the environmental green considerations. It is necessary to support the use of natural material in the building process, this is why the idea of unbroken glass as the main material for the luxury home is justified. Though a number of technologies and mechanisms are implemented into the house, all of them are inside the walls which are made of glass; so, they do not have some harmful effects on people living there. Family Four Bedroom House A family four bedroom house should be designed to provide a big family wit h all necessary services and quality: parents should be confident that their children are in safe, and children, in their turn, should have an access to the most important parts of the house. The material for this type home is wood or professional timber for the walls and roof, and metal rebar to create an appropriate floor.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As big families are not always able to spend much money on the technological aspects of their homes, it is possible to implement the most significant technologies: solar thermal at the roof (to support the green idea of building), heating technologies, and media improvements which are easy to use and hide in urgent cases. Kitchen technologies are integral in such type of building some members of the family spend much time in there. In relation to building design, a number of ethical issues should be considered to choos e building material properly and avoid harm for human health. Use of solar energy in heating is the most effective means that reduce the use of fossil fuels and other chemical substances. Basic One Bedroom Flat A first time buyer should get a number of benefits from a new basic one bedroom flat: building materials are usually concrete constructions which are supported by iron details. As a rule, one bedroom flat is a part of a huge construction, this is why it is necessary to define the bearing walls and implement as many technologies as possible in it. Solar energy is hardly available for such types of homes, still, it is possible to create one huge generator with the help of which heating and cooling of all flats in the building is controlled in one section. Environmental ethics should remind the designers about the importance to reduce the amount of waste and damage to the environment. Still, the following technologies should be implemented into the design as they influence the q uality of human life: security system due to which a person is sure of personal safe, media improvements with the help of which a person saves time and nerves, and entertaining aspects (bath equipment and kitchen accessibility). Conclusion In general, all above-mentioned buildings have one idea in common: people have to be protected from all outside damages and dangers: absence of chemical substances, attention to solar energy, and natural building materials are considered. In case the ethical perspective is pointed out while building and designing in 2030, there is a hope for all people to succeed in living and protect personal life to its full extent. Reference List Stryi-Hipp, G 2006, In 2030, many homes will be heated using only solar thermal, SBZ, pp. 40-44.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Future of the Home: Houses in 2030 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research paper on The Future of the Home: Houses in 2030 was written and submitted by user Aarav L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cable Modem Access essays

Cable Modem Access essays The Internet has been around for over 40 years and despite technological advances in speed, people still complain that its too slow. How can people get their favorite songs or visit their favorite sites before dinner is over? This paper will discuss one option, cable internet access. Until now internet the public had to access the WWW through slow phone lines, connecting anywhere from 300 bps in the infancy of public access to 56k. But now there are several high-speed alternatives to the old phone line, one being the cable modem. Using your cable TV provider as your ISP, people can access the Internet at speeds up to 27 Mbps, but limitations with hardware limit this to about 2Mbps (www.TechTarget.com). This speed is fine for most users. It is also always on. Meaning you do not have to dial-up to your ISP. It is similar to a LAN connection. This hasnt been done before mainly because when cable TV companies were being formed, the networks were only being set up to send data and not to receive it. The remedy for this was to upgrade the networks not only to be able to receive information, but to handle the larger amount of bandwidth (www.Vicomsoft.com). The way cable internet access is possible is my using a standard cable TV coax line as the medium and a cable modem to connect the computer to the Internet. The cable TV provider has a Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) that then goes through the coax line to the home. The coax line is then connected to a splitter, with one line going to the television or set-top box, and the other to the cable modem (www.Techtarget.com). The cable modem then is connected to a PC via a Cat 3 or 5 cable to a network card. Some modems can also be connected via the USB or FireWire port. The type of modem a person needs depends on the standard the provider is using. One may be using the Multimedia Cable Network Systems (MCNS)/ Data over Cable Systems Interface S ...

Understanding of internal factors influencing customer behavior with Essay

Understanding of internal factors influencing customer behavior with application of theory in a given business situation and development marketing strategies - Essay Example This product-centric view of market segments has been long discarded as being inadequate for very logical and plausible reasons. For any given product or service, there are usually at least four or five different segments of prospective customers that may utilize that product to solve a particular problem or satisfy a specific need. Each one of these segments will have different needs and values. But companies with a product-centric view cannot even sight these differences not to approach the issue of comprehending them and using them to advantage in their marketing plans. They end up treating the various segments with a one-size-fits-all, generic solution. This fixated view is virtually a chink in the armor which competitors are waiting to pounce upon. In fact such an approach works to leave entry gates to the various segments wide open to the competitor. This competitor quietly enters in, reads the market segments and positions his products attributes and qualities with requisite d ifferentiation to make up a most relevant product bundle to the most valuable segment and skim it merrily. Therefore it is a prudent marketing stance to examine in depth not only one's own products and services but also the market of users for such products and services. Who buys our products, for what reasons and puts them to what uses are three critical questions that must be asked to broaden marketing thought away from generic fixation. Market segmentation is an oft used marketing tool just to do this. This paper has chosen the airline travel as a generic service and Singapore Airlines (SIA) as the business which offers such a service.SIA consciously recognized a new market segment and strategically aligned its marketing plan to benefit from this segment. The events triggering recognition of new market segment are also covered in the following paragraphs. Information on Singapore Airlines (SIA) SIA is considered by those in the airline industry, its travelers as well as its competitors, as one of the very best airlines in the world. In the time period to which this marketing event belongs, SIA was arguably Singapore's and Asia's best-known company, and rated consistently as Asia's "most admired company" (Asian Business, 1997). It is reinforced by the fact that it has won numerous industry awards. Nast Traveller magazine celebrating the tenth anniversary of the readers' choice awards, presented it's first-ever Hall of Fame awards to four individuals one of them being the CEO of SIA for" a decade of outstanding leadership and for transforming the standards of in-flight service in the 1980s" (Straits Times, 1997). In 1997 SIA also won The World's Best Airline for the fourth year running in the Zagat Airline Survey. SIA has had a continuous profit track record since it took to the skies more than 25 years ago, a track record almost unheard of in the brutally cyclical airline i ndustry (Asian Business Review, 1996). Its beaming, lithe flight stewardess, outfitted in tight batik sarong kebaya marketed as the Singapore Girl, is a globally popular international service icon. It not only serves as an effective unique selling proposition for the airlines but has also earned substantial legacy differentiation leverage over similar icons of

Eading and Writing about Arguments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eading and Writing about Arguments - Essay Example One should always pray to request for assistance from God. Prayers should always be everyone's first resort since we should always invite God first under various life situations. Just like the way, a child comes to their father to talk to them; every person has the responsibility of coming to speak to him (Bounds, 2007, p. 12). For Christians to live a straight life, they should be guided by prayers just like Jesus. A Christian faces the problem of securing a private place where they can have their prayers. Jesus always found a way out through which he could have his prayers. Prayers are tremendously influential in the life of a Christian since they strengthen a person’s faith. For us to emulate the life of Jesus Christ, we have to pray on a regular basis. It is difficult to be consistent in one's prayers, but one has to make it a habit to pray on a regular basis. There is no difference between praying in a church service and praying at home. Prayer is a means through which Ch ristians communicate to God to express their needs and their love for Him. There is no difference between praying at home or in the church since God will answer the prayers. I feel that provided one prays appropriately the place of worship is not vital. The crucial thing is to express one's prayers and feelings to God. God will answer everyone's prayers. Some people think that praying at a church service is more effective than praying at home. This is because; at the church there is a congregation of people who ensure that the prayers are collaborative. When people pray in a group, they encourage one another and praise in a group. This acts as a more effective way of praying and God is immensely happy when people cooperate in prayers. At a church service, Christians have other ways of worshiping which are also tremendously effective. People believe that praising is twice as effective as prayers and hence people desire praising to praying as the process of worship. In the church, Chr istians share testimonies about Gods manifestation in their life and this strengthens the faith of other people in the church (Bounds, 2007, p. 32). When one faces a challenge, one meets other people who might be experiencing challenges that are a bit difficult. This will ensure that people will have a different approach to the problems they experience. It is true that praying together as a group is better than alone. People should always join hands when it comes to prayers. They should have the spirit of togetherness that will ensure that they enjoy the prayer session. Jesus led by example by illustrating the need of praying together. He showed his disciples the Lord’s Prayer and encouraged to stay together. Before the high priest gave the soldiers permission to persecute him, he encouraged the twelve disciples to pray until the last minute. Praying is particularly vital for all people and Christians have a responsibility to make a routine act. Priests should ensure that the y remind people to pray regularly so as to maintain a cordial relationship with God. For a person to acquire the kingdom of God, one has to be persistent in prayers and avoid being sinful. It does not necessarily matter the place where Christians communicate to God through prayers. God will answer the prayers that one communicates to him (Bounds, 2007, p. 36). People may recite their prayers in church or at home depending on the circumstances that they face in their day to day life. For instance, there are people with various body disabilities and hence cannot make

Based upon your reading in The Worldly Philosophers by Robert L Essay

Based upon your reading in The Worldly Philosophers by Robert L. Helibroner, as well as CREDIBLE outside sources, outline the di - Essay Example Both Joseph Schumpeter and John Maynard Keynes were subjected to the same economic period, suffering from economic recession and aimed at developing theories aimed at economic development. However both analyzed the situation differently and thus observed different economic problems which made them to come with different definitions of the economics, which are very important in understanding the modern economic trends and situations. In an effort to solve the economic crisis, Keynes called for government intervention. Holding to the fact that money was not an just a means of exchange as was stipulated by the likes of Adam Smith and David Ricardo, but the supply of money, and to be specific money velocity had an adverse effect on the demand of goods, Keynes put it across that regulation of money supply would improve economic conditions during recession (Heilbroner 267). To come up to this conclusion, Keynes held lack of control of money supply in the capitalist system had caused the re cession. Schumpeter agreed to Keynes idea that the failure of capitalist system resulted to the economic recession but attributed the failure to poor relation between capitalist investors and the actual managers of the investment projects who happened to be employees. According to Schumpeter, the managers salaries are not correlated to the company’s profit and thus don’t strive to maintain or improve future returns. Although Schumpeter did not reject interventions, he held that capitalism could be maintained and its success accelerated ‘creative destruction’ that is replacement of old worn-out business models by new entrepreneurs’ innovations. What determines real price of commodities is a question that most economics have had in their minds. Keynes was not an exception, although his answers portrayed a view completely different from his predecessors. To develop his theories, Keynes held that money and credit were real, and greatly influenced commod ity prices (Heilbroner 270). Disregarding that firms and individuals had any impact the economy as demand which was only affected by money velocity influenced capital formation, productivity and employment. However Keynes held the assumption that his theory was only effective if the velocity of money was held constant. Schumpeter embedded on this assumption and criticized the whole theory on the fact that velocity of money can only be constant in primitive societies and not in the modern complex economic conditions. It was Keynes ideas, of fiscal and monetary policies that were used to solve the recession problem. However, equilibrium conditions were only obtained in the short run just as they were proposed by Keynes. Schumpeter criticized Keynes short run solutions as not caring about the future. Schumpeter identifies that the central economic problem was not equilibrium as stipulated by Keynes, and suggested that structural change was more realistic. In attempt to solve the proble m, he maintained that capitalist, not discarding intervention can still thrive given his theorem of the innovator. Schumpeter emphasized that equilibrium solutions were only short run that could not prevail in the long run due to structural changes. Contrary to their predecessors, Keynes and Schumpeter replaced the argument demand or supply of

Female Innocence and Violence in Literature

Female Innocence and Violence in Literature ‘For maximum literary effect, sensationalism and violence have to be juxtaposed with female innocence and vulnerability’. Discuss with reference to the ‘Tale of Two Cities’ by Charles Dickens and ‘The Woman in White’ by Wilkie Collins. The title quote is probably too fixed. Generally, there can be no such prescriptive methods for writing literature, however, there is certainly evidence to show that when contradicting qualities or concepts are presented in close proximity, the intensity of the situation is heightened. Milton used this technique in Paradise Lost – assembling a clear-cut universe comprised entirely of polar opposites and without ambivalence or moral middle ground. Hence in Milton, every physical or mental property is in effect generated and defined by the absence of its opposite counterpart. So darkness is the complete absence of light, and evil is the complete absence of good etc. Dickens’ and Collins’ use of juxtaposition in their novels is more reticent than Milton though with a similar intent and evident immediately in the opening passage of a ‘Tale of Two Cities’: â€Å"It was the best of times it was the worst of times†¦ in short, the period was so far lik e the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.† The quote is also an admission on behalf the nature of the novel itself and it is with this ‘superlative degree of comparison’ that we will be made to receive much of the events that unfold, and discover in the process that no such fixed model can properly express human nature which is too often ambiguous or prone to change. Both authors were aware that their novels were to be published as serialisations and so there was a very real need to maintain the reader’s interest between chapters. It is perhaps with this concern in mind that the authors penned their mild heroes into lurid depictions of violence and human brutality since the jarring of good and evil makes for shocking subject matter and invariably what is shocking is also powerful. With Dickens’ novel as with Collins’ the real dramatic tension is created by placing feminine champions of goodness and temperance within a masculine context of immorality and violence. As well as the perceived distinction between innocence and guilt, frailty and brutality, patience and impulsion, there is also a subtle contrast between an inner world and an outer one. A world of the soul, which is implicit and inherently good, and a world of the physical or the body which is explicit and outwardly evil. In both novels, the language separates in a s imilar way – outwardly graphic and sensational, yet with a subtle and often more powerful subtext. The texts of both novels are founded in conflict and perpetuate a sense of tension so it serves us well to do close readings of a short passage as much as an overview of the whole. We shall take first this passage from Wilkie Collins’ ‘The Woman in White’: â€Å"The boat-house was large enough to hold us all, but Sir Percival remained outside trimming the last new stick with his pocket-axe. We three women found plenty of room on the large seat. Laura took her work and Madame Fosco began her cigarettes. I, as usual had nothing to do. My hands always were and always will be as awkard as a man’s. The Count good humouredly took a stool many sizes too small for him, and balanced himself on it with his back against the side of the shed, which creaked and groaned under his weight. He put the pagoda cage on his lap, and let out the mice to crawl over him as usual. They are pretty innocent-looking little creatures, but the sight of them creeping about a man’s body is for some reason not pleasant to me. It excites a strange responsive creeping in my own nerves and suggests hideous ideas of men dying in prison with the crawling creatures of the dungeon preying on them undisturbed.† Marian’s narration begins as ‘matter of fact’ and becomes imagined and complex. From the start of the passage to the end her attention is drawn from objects and characters far away from her, closer in to those surrounding her, then to her own self and identity, and finally the introspective and private thoughts of her own mind. The first sentence raises the idea of a separate world of violence lying outside Marian’s own. She highlights Sir Percival’s decision to remain ‘outside’ despite the boat-house being ‘large enough to hold us all’ so she could be implying an obstinacy in his actions or perhaps more likely, she may be perplexed by his behaviour. The very action of trimming a stick with a pocket axe carries various connotations with violence and masculine sexuality. It is of course an arbitrary occupation of his time and serves as a meaningless and almost sinister method of disconnection between himself and the others an d hence a source of confusion. Marian’s next comment ‘We three women’, at once it unites the women together as a concept or a quality of femininity and further separates them from the singular identity of Sir Percival. Marian’s language is deeply characterised by ideas of containment. The ladies sit inside and they are easily accommodated: ‘we three women found plenty of room on the large seat’. This statement contrasts directly with her comment about the Count a little later, who ‘took a stool many sizes too small for him, and balanced himself on it with his back against the side of the shed, which creaked and groaned under his weight’ – a sentence which trails on for longer, more involved and awkward. The Count and Sir Percival, by their cumbersome inflexibility, rebel against and test the physical world. Their presence is more palpable and harder to contain unlike the women who are compliant, slight and ensconced by the physical world. This whole image is a dilution of the revolutionary world as emasculated, savage and violent – the container and oppressor of feminine goodness. As we have seen the direction of Marian’s thought is inward but her language and the use of symbolism give an added suggestion of moving from an open, free space, to a confined, interior space. Initially Marian uses words like ‘outside’ and phrases such as ‘plenty of room’ but her train of thought finishes in reflection on ‘Pagoda Cages’, on ‘prison’ and ‘the dungeon’. Herein lies the horror for Marian. Her language is the language of oppression and confinement: ‘My hands always were and always will be as awkward as a mans.’ Her use of the phrase ‘always were and always will be’ excludes all sense of hope and the awkwardness of the repetition is emblematic of her bitterness and resent of the awkwardness of her situation. Her use of the word awkward itself is interesting, used as much no doubt as the implied opposite of delicate or relaxed and the whole image of a woman being burdened wit h the tools of man’s violence towards the world is a powerful one. The shift in Marian’s observation of mice running freely over the Count’s person, to an imagined picture of rats crawling over a morbid prisoner is a much more tangible instance of frailty and innocence played against sensational horror. The real power of the text here lies in the compression of a quaint image into a one which repulses. But further it suggests there is a macabre bent in Marian or an inclination of thought towards something deeper and darker than her reality. Can it be that she relates with both images – the ‘pretty-innocent looking creatures (my italics)’, how she and women seem to be, or should aspire to become, and ‘men dying in prison with the crawling creatures of the dungeon preying on them undisturbed’, how she and other really feel? We will turn now to the following passage from the last chapter of Dickens’ ‘A Tale of Two Cities’: ‘The second tumbril empties and moves on: the third comes up. Crash! – And the knitting-women, never faltering or pausing in their work, count two. The supposed Evremonde descends, and the seamstress is lifted out next after him. He has not relinquished her patient hand in getting out, but still holds it as he promised. He gently places her with her back to the crashing engine that constantly whirs up and falls, and she looks into his face and thanks him. â€Å"But for you dear stranger, I should not be so composed, for I am naturally a poor little thing, faint of heart; nor should I have been able to raise my thoughts to Him who was put to death, that we might have hope and comfort here to-day. I think you were sent to me by Heaven†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The two stand in the fast-thinning throng of victims, but they speak as if they were alone. Eye to eye, voice to voice, hand to hand, heart to heart, these two children of the Universal Mother, else so wide apart and differing, have come together on the dark highway, to repair home together, and to rest in her bosom.’ Dickens’ tale is related in the third person and there is consequently less room for personal introspection, the like we saw in Marian’s narration (although Dicken’s does dispense with this convention to allow a voice to Carton’s final thoughts in the last lines). However, Dickens’ presents a more sensational description of the world outside his characters. The opening of the passage here imparts a sense of horror by the alarming regularity and routine of the public execution. The relentless killing punctuated consistently by the knitting women as they count towards the heroes’ death. Throughout this passage, Dickens offsets the outside world of motion and with the interior capsule of calm between Carton and the tragic seamstress. The language of impending doom – ‘empties and moves on’, ‘never faltering or pausing’, ‘the crashing engine that constantly whirs up and falls’, and the ‘fast-thin ning throng of victims’, is juxtaposed with language of stillness, timelessness and peace – ‘not relinquished’ ‘her patient hand’, ‘still holds’, ‘so composed’ ‘stand alone’. Evident in this passage is a contradiction between the real world of horror and the machinery of violence, and the seamstress’ admission of her own vulnerability – ‘I am naturally a poor little thing, faint of heart’. But where in previous parts of the novel this opposition was played out with the effect of crushing feminine innocence and creating suspense and horror as a consequence, at this point the woman finds strength in her company. In fact the arrangement of her statement reinforces this idea. ‘But for you dear stranger’, and ‘my thoughts to Him’ surround her admission ‘I am naturally a poor little thing’ – she takes comfort between these objects. They su rround her and protect her from the brutality of the outside world. In this closing chapter of the novel, when finally the fragility of female innocence collides with the horror and mechanics of the revolution, Dickens actually draws a crucial separation between the two concepts. United in love, the protagonists fall away from the physical world – the guillotine a machine which by designs cuts people in two: ‘The two stand in the fast thinning throng of victims, but they speak as if they were alone’. In this final point of the novel – the characters break free from their context. In fact, Dickens uses different paragraphs to describe the human moments and the fall of the tumbril blade as though the outside influences have no control over the characters. ‘Eye to eye, voice to voice, hand to hand, heart to heart,’ where the novel has been an exploration of pairs of opposites, the best of times, and the worst of times, it champions as it denouement pairs of equals and connection rather than argument. The passage u nites two concepts into one, so ‘The two stand’ become in transformation ‘they speak’. Though they are ‘two children’, they are born of one ‘Universal Mother’, and though ‘so wide apart’ they have ‘come together’. What is important here, is that Dickens has chosen to create a different literary effect at the end of his novel from that outlined in the title, by a confrontation of equals rather than opposites. It may show that the collision of brutality and compassion work to create shock and suspense during reading but it is with one motivation that a reader continues through these moments and that is to reach a fitting harmony.

Cancer :: essays research papers fc

Cancer My friend, Matt, was diagnosed with cancer in May 2002. I was shocked when Matt’s girlfriend, Amber, told me that he had cancer, because Matt was only twenty-three years old when diagnosed. The type of cancer Matt has is called Leukemia, which is cancer of the white blood cells. This cancer starts in the bone marrow but can then spread to the blood, lymph nodes, the spleen, liver, central nervous system and other organs. Cancer affects many people each year including my grandmother who had cancer and now one of my close friends.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The type of Leukemia Matt has is Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), which causes his body many problems. Matt’s first symptoms of Leukemia started with him filling weak and fatigued, looking pale faced, and vomiting on occasion. Matt’s mother is a nurse at the Aiken Hospital, ambling her to know that something was seriously wrong with Matt. Matt’s mom took him to the Aiken Hospital where he was later diagnosed with Leukemia. Matt’s family and friends were shocked to find out he had this disease because of his young age. This is a disease that occurs most commonly in young children, but also affects adults. The doctors have no idea how Matt became infected with cancer. Some risk factors for some cases of cancer are smoking, exposure to massive amounts of radiation, and drugs used for the treatment of other cancers. Leukemia cells in the Acute Leukemia grow rapidly and require therapy right away (Veritas Medicine). This type of disease i s hard on the body because it affects the blood cells. Bone Marrow is the soft, spongy, inner part of bones (American Cancer Society). All of the different types of blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Bone marrow is made up of blood-forming cells, fat cells, and tissues that aid the growth of blood cells (American Cancer Society). The two types of blood cells are white and red blood cells. White blood cells (leukocytes) help defend the body against germs—viruses and bacteria (American Cancer Society). Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all other tissues of the body(American Cancer Society). They also carry away carbon dioxide. Matt began to have a shortage of red blood cells, which caused his weakness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since Matt had this type of disease that grows rapidly his mom had to take him to a hospital in Charleston, South Carolina immediately.

Sub Saharan Africa Food Insecurity Environmental Sciences Essay

An Integrated Assessment and Policy Needs Identification Abstract The survey aims to supply in-depth analysis of nutrient security in SSA in a changing clime, by incorporating socio-economic factors into scenario analysis. Furthermore, particular accent will be placed on the regional security issues. The first aim is of the research is to measure the impact of clime alteration on nutrient security, while the 2nd purpose is to place the key policy needs that should be considered in version schemes. Climate alteration scenarios will be simulated utilizing HadCM3 theoretical account. Two scenarios will be examined: â€Å" worst instance † ( 1 % CO2 addition per annum ) and â€Å" best instance ‘ ( 0.5 % CO2 addition per annum ) . The projections of agricultural productiveness will be assessed with IMAGE or AEZ theoretical accounts. Once the land-use and harvest simulation theoretical accounts are run, the estimated alteration of crop-yields will be fed into IMPACT and BLS theoretical accounts in order to measure the impact of clime alteration on nutrient security and hazard of hungriness. The interaction between the two theoretical accounts will capture the cross-cutting drivers for nutrient insecurity in the part. As a concluding measure, the survey will supply socio-economic and political tendencies analysis with chief methods: literature reappraisal, informations aggregation and analysis, arrested development analysis. The overall result of the survey will be designation of the policy needs that rise consciousness, with pertinence in explicating version schemes. Keywords: agribusiness, clime alteration, estimable general equilibrium, nutrient security, integrated appraisal, malnutrition, partial equilibrium, hazard of hungriness, sub-Saharan Africa.1. Introduction The impact of clime alteration on nutrient security is important for developing states. Sub-Saharan Africa ( SSA ) is one of the most vulnerable parts in the universe, due to the high de grees of nutrient insecurity as a consequence of socio-economic, political and environmental force per unit areas. Harmonizing to FAO/ WFP 2010 study 1 SSA is on the 2nd topographic point ( after Asia ) in the universe in footings of figure of ill-fed people ( 239 million people ) . However, on the first topographic point in footings of per centum undernourished of the entire population ( 30 % ill-fed ) . Recent projections for future clime alteration in SSA dismay that the land with suitableness for harvest cultivation will worsen and the land with wet emphasis will increase ( e.g. Fischer, 2005 ; FAO, 2009 ) . At the same clip, the part is characterized with agriculture-driven economic system, whereas the low GDP and weak institutional constructions are barriers for technological development of the agricultural sector. 2. Problem Statement and Aim of the Study Recently, research workers have produced a figure of of import surveies analyzing the impact of clime alteration on harvests productiveness ( e.g. Betts, 2005 ; Challinor 2009 ) and agricultural sector ( e.g. Parry, 2004 ; Fischer, 2005 ) . Those documents present assorted patterning models for regional and planetary appraisal of the impact of clime alteration on agribusiness and the hazard of hungriness. Furthermore, several surveies examine SSA regional scenarios for future tendencies of nutrient demand ( based on the future population and income projections ) , nutrient supply ( based on agricultural productiveness and trade ) , land usage displacements and future clime conditions ( e.g. AIACC, 2006 ; Challinor, 2011 ) . However, most surveies capture chiefly harvest production ( agricultural sector ) and pay small attending to the whole nutr ient system, i.e. nutrient handiness, nutrient entree and nutrient use ( Ingram, 2005 ) . Therefore, in order to supply overall policy deductions for accomplishing nutrient security in a changing clime, we should see the drivers for nutrient insecurity in SSA, such as poorness, deficiency of instruction, hapless market entree, unemployment, failures in belongings rights ( Scholes and Biggs, 2004 ; Ingram, 2005 ) . 1 The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2010, FAO/ WFP Following the logic of the above statements, this survey aims to supply in-depth analysis of nutrient security in SSA in a changing clime, by incorporating socioeconomics factors into scenario analysis. Furthermore, particular accent will be placed on the regional security issues, such as migration and urbanisation, delicate provinces and struggles, refugee crises, HIV/ AIDS. 3. Aims of the Study and Research Questions The survey will near two chief issues. The first aim is to measure the impact of clime alteration on nutrient security. In this regard the research paper will discourse the undermentioned inquiries: – What is the environmental position and future clime conditions in SSA? – Which are the cardinal socio-economic force per unit areas in SSA that should be integrated in the appraisal of clime alteration impact on nutrient security? – What is the impact of clime alteration on nutrient insecurity and hungriness in SSA ( assessed by incorporating future tendencies of socio-economic conditions ) ? The 2nd aim is to place the key policy needs that should be considered in version schemes. In this context, the following set of research inquiries is: – What are the barriers and chances for version in SSA? -Which are the policy needs for nutrient security in the altering clime of SSA? -Which socio-economic and political conditions should be addressed in clime alteration – nutrient security policy models, based on the projections of future tendencies? 4. Sc ientific Methods n order to turn to the first set of research inquiries ( first aim ) , I will utilize he following research methods and instruments. 4.1. Climate Variability and Climate Change in SSA & gt ; Climate variableness – ( I ) calculation of indices for variableness in monthly lower limit and maximal temperature ; monthly rainfall ; ( two ) linear graphs for one-year alterations ; ( three ) arrested development analysis of long term trends2. & gt ; Climate alteration scenarios Tools and method: General Circulation Models utilizing statistical downscaling Model: HadCM3 ( coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation theoretical account ) Datas: extracted from IPCC 2002 Period: 1961-1990 ; 2010-2039 ; 2040-2069 ; 2070-2099 Base-line clime: 1961-1990 ( Fischer, 2005 ) Scenarios: SRES A1F1 and A2 ( â€Å" worst instance † = 1 % CO2 addition per annum ; 855 ppm ) and SRES B1 and A1T ( â€Å" best instance ‘ = 0.5 % CO2 addition per annum ; 560 ppm ) ( e.g. Fisher, 2005 ; AIACC, 2006 ) .The comparing between the two scenarios will turn to the uncertainties3. End product: projected degrees of future CO2 ; precipitation ; temperature The end product from HadCM3 will be fed as an input in IMAGE theoretical account or AEZ theoretical account. Both theoretical accounts provide land-use displacements and harvests fertilisation effects from the informations obtained with HadCM3. 4.2. Food Security Impact Assessment Once the land-use and harvest simulation theoretical accounts are run, the estimated alteration of crop-yields will be fed into IMPACT ( partial-equilibrium theoretical account ) and BLS ( general equilibrium theoretical account ) in order to measure the impact of clime alteration on nutrient security and hazard of hungriness. The interaction between the two theoretical accounts is necessary to capture the drivers for nutrient insecurity in the part. Table 1. outlines how the two theoretical accounts correspond to the socio-economic force per unit areas in the clime alteration – nutrient security impact appraisal analysis. 2, 3 Methodology used by James Adejuwon, 2006. A Concluding Report Submitted to Appraisals of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change ( AIACC ) , Project No. AF 23 Table 1. Models specification IMPACT Model BLS Model Partial-equilibrium theoretical account with focal point on agricultural sector, H 2O, nutrient supply and demand. It tends to hold more item than genral equlibium theoretical accounts General equlibrium theoretical accounts take into history the linkages between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. The theoretical account represents all economic sectors with through empirical observation estimated parametric quantities. States are linked through trade, universe market monetary values and financies Agricultural productiveness ( exogenic ) Agricultural productiveness and clime ( exogenic ) & gt ; agricultural production and trade ( edogenous ) & gt ; agricultural production and trade ( edogenous ) & gt ; GDP ( exogenic ) ; monetary values and trade ( endogenous ) & gt ; GDP, monetary values and trade ( endogenous ) Allows calculation of per capita KCAL, in peculiar kid malnutrition. Allows calculation of figure of people at hazard of hungriness as a portion of undernourished in the entire population. The per centum of malnourished kids is a map of: mean per c apita Calorie ingestion, female secondary instruction, the quality of maternal and child attention, wellness and sanitation. Thus the theoretical account gaining control broad assortment of societal issues. The estimations are based on: 1 ) SRES scenarios projected income and population degrees and their distribution ; 2 ) ratio of the mean national nutrient supply ( including imports ) Population and GDP ( exogenic ) Population ( exogenic ) ; GDP ( endogenous ) Population projections captures rural-urban kineticss There are regional group theoretical accounts wich capture the economic constructions of a figure of African states by grouping them into: oil exporters, low income nutrient importers and exporters, average income nutrient importers and exporters. 3.2. nutrient entree ( affordability – income, monetary values ; allotment ) 3.3. nutrient use ( nutrition ) 4. Socio-economic factors ( population, GDP ) 1.Model type 3. Food systems constituents captured by the theoreti cal accounts ( endogenous and exogenic variables ) : 3.1.food handiness ( agricultural production, trade, imports ) 2. Climate related drivers The appraisal will be built on multiple plot line attack ( e.g. Fisher, 2005 ) : Figure 1. Multiple storyline attack 4.3. Socio-economic and political force per unit areas analysis – the chief activities which will be conducted are: literature reappraisal, informations aggregation and analysis, arrested development analysis. & gt ; Economic construction of the SSA states – descriptive analysis will be provided & gt ; Population projections in SSA – the survey will show current demographic tendencies and future projections, based on informations extracted from IIASA. The particular accent will be on migration and urbanisation, HIV/ AIDS, every bit good as educational degrees. Climate alteration induced migration will be discussed. This analysis is closely linked to climate alteration – nutrient security analytical m odel, since demographic tendencies are strongly correlated with environment and nutrient security. & gt ; Income distribution and nutrient demand trends – income degrees change the consumers ‘ penchants for nutrient. As good income distribution and inequalities between states have important impact on nutrient demand ( e.g. Cirera and Masset, 2010 ) . Therefore this issue will be addressed, taking into consideration the findings of this survey every bit good as Gini coefficients for the part. & gt ; Poverty degrees and unemployment tendencies – descriptive analysis & gt ; Political stableness – descriptive analysis on past and present struggles ; hazards of new eruptions ; refugee crisis & gt ; Property rights – descriptive analysis of rural economic conditions & gt ; Poor market entree – descriptive analysis of market engagement Current clime variableness, nutrient security and socioeconomic conditions Socio-economic development and nutrient security with clime variableness ( no alteration ) – baseline simulation Socio-economic development and nutrient security with clime alteration ( â€Å" best instance † scenario ) Socio-economic development and nutrient security with clime alteration ( â€Å" worst instance † scenario ) 5. Significance of the survey The chief parts of this thesis are expected to be: – Designation of relevant clime variables, tendencies and projections ( temperature, precipitation, turning season, land-use alterations ) and appraisal of clime alteration impact on harvest outputs – Designation of the cardinal socio-economic factors in the analysis of the impact of clime alteration on nutrient security in the context of SSA – Appraisal of the impact of clime alteration on nutrient security utilizing partialequilibrium and general equilibrium theoretical accounts – Projection and spacial distribution of people at hazard of hungriness in SSA – Appra isal of the socio-economic and political tendencies, closely related to nutrient security and clime alteration – Designation of barriers and chances for version – Designation of the policy needs that rise consciousness, with pertinence in explicating version schemes Figure 2. Applicability of the survey in Adaptation Policy Frameworks Adaptation Policy Frameworks ( APF ) for Climate Change ( Developed by UNDP ) 1. Scoping and planing an version undertaking 2. Measuring current exposure: Current clime hazards ; Socio-economic conditions ; Adaptation baseline ; Climate change exposure 3. Measuring future clime hazards: Climate tendencies ; Socio-economic tendencies ; Natural resource and environment tendencies ; Adaptation barriers and chances 4. Explicating an Adaptation Strategy 5. Monitoring and Evaluation Policy Development Integrated Assessment Applicability of the survey 6. Restrictions and Uncertainties There are three types of restrictions and uncertainnesss in i ncorporate assessment – proficient ( â€Å" quality of informations available † ) , methodological ( â€Å" deficiency of sufficient cognition to make an equal theoretical account † ) and epistemic ( e.g. human behaviour, entropy of nature ) ( Reilly and Willenbockel, 2010 ) . The survey will foreground those uncertainnesss and will utilize multiple plot line attack in order to turn to them. Bibliography: Adejuwon J. 2006 Food Security, Climate Variability and Climate Change in Sub Saharan West Africa. Final Report Submitted to Appraisals of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change ( AIACC ) , Project No. AF 23. Betts R. 2005 Integrated attacks to climate-crop modeling: demands and challenges. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2005 360, 2049-2065. Betts R. , Gornall J. , Burke E. , Clark R. , Camp J, Willett K. & A ; Wiltshire A. 2010 Implications of clime alteration for agricultural productiveness in the early 21st century. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010 365, 2973-2989. Bou wman A. , Kram T. & A ; Goldewijk K. 2006 Integrated modeling of planetary environmental alteration: An overview of IMAGE 2.4. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency ( MNP ) , Bilthoven, October 2006. MNP publication figure 500110002/2006. Challinor, A. J. , Ewert, F. , Arnold, S. , Simelton, E. & A ; Fraser, E. 2009 Crops and climate alteration: advancement, tendencies, and challenges in imitating impacts and informing version. J. Exp. Bot. 60, 2775-2789. Challinor, A. J. , Thornton P. , Jones P. & A ; Eriksen P. 2011 Agriculture and nutrient systems in sub-Saharan Africa in a 4 A °C+ universe. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011 369, 117-136. Challinor, A. J. , Wheeler, T. , Garforth, C. , Craufurd, P. & A ; Kassam, A. 2007 Measuring the exposure of nutrient harvest systems in Africa to climate alteration. Clim. Change 83, 381-399. Cirera X. & A ; Masset E. 2010. Income distribution tendencies and future nutrient demand. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010 365, 2821-2834. FAO. 2009 Climate Change and Food Security. A Framework Document ( www.fao.org/forestry/15538-079b31d45081fe9c3dbc6ff34de4807e4.pdf ) . FAO/ WFP 2010 The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2010, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Fischer G, new wave Velthuizen, H. , Shah, M. & A ; Tubiello F. 2005, Socio-economic and climate alteration impacts on agribusiness: an incorporate appraisal, 1990 -2080 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2005 360, 2067-2083. Fischer, G. , Frohberg, K. , Keyzer, M. A. & A ; Parikh, K. S. 1988 Linked national theoretical accounts: a tool for international policy analysis. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic. Fischer, G. , Shah, M. , & A ; van Velthuizen, H. 2002b Climate Change and Agricultural Vulnerability, Special Report to the UN World Summit on Sustainable Development. Johannesburg 2002. Laxenburg, Austria: IIASA. IEG World Bank. 2007 Disasters, Climate Change, and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons and Future Directions. Evaluation Brief 3. IFPRI. 2008 International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade ( IMPACT ) : Model Description. Ingram J. , Gregory P. & A ; Brklacich M. 2005 Climate alteration and nutrient security. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2005 360, 2139-2148. IPCC 2000 Summary for policymakers, emanations scenarios. A Particular Report of IPCC Working Group III, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. utz W. Samir KC. 2010 Dimensions of planetary population projections: what do we cognize about future population tendencies and constructions? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010 365, 2779- 2791. Parry M. , Rosenzweig C. & A ; Livermore M. 2005, Climate alteration, planetary nutrient supply and hazard of hungriness. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2005 360, 2125-2138. Parry, M. L. , Rosenzweig, C. , Iglesias, A. , Livermore, M. & A ; Fischer, G. 2004 Effects of clime alteration on planetary nutrient production under SRES emanations and socio-economic s cenarios. Global Environ. Change 14, 53-67. Raleigh C. , Jordan L. and Salehyan I. Measuring the Impact of Climate Change on Migration and Conflict. The World Bank Group. Reilly M. & A ; Willenbockel D. 2010 Managing uncertainness: a reappraisal of nutrient system scenario analysis and mold. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010 365, 3049-3063. Satterthwaite D. , McGranahan G. & A ; Tacoli C. 2010 Urbanization and its deductions for nutrient and agriculture. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010 365, 2809-2820. Scholes, R. J. & A ; Biggs, R. 2004 Ecosystem services in Southern Africa: a regional appraisal. Pretoria, South Africa: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Stern N. 2006 Stern Review on the Economicss of Climate Change. Prepared for HM Treasury, Cabinet Office. UNDP, Adaptation Policy Frameworks for Climate Change. ( available at: www.undp.org/climatechange/adapt/apf.html )

Looking At The Academic Responsibilities Of Work Experience Social Work Essay Essay Example

Looking At The Academic Responsibilities Of Work Experience Social Work Essay Essay Example Looking At The Academic Responsibilities Of Work Experience Social Work Essay Essay Looking At The Academic Responsibilities Of Work Experience Social Work Essay Essay Within this assignment I will be discoursing, through a lens of hazard, work I carried out with Charles during our contact whilst on arrangement. In order to supply background to the instance I will get down by sketching my bureau scene and my ain duties. I will so supply a brief description of Charles and explicate the context of my bureaus engagement in his instance. I will so explicate the relevant legal model and policies act uponing his instance. I will sketch differing theoretical accounts of appraisal used to measure him and show my apprehension of hazard theoretical accounts and theory which relate to societal work. I will besides take to show my application of the theories and theoretical accounts in this scenario. I will foreground the hazards and possible hazards I was turn toing in Charles instance and critically analyse and measure the accomplishments used during the intercession and their effectivity. I will besides reflect on how my ain individuality impacted upon the work that was carried out, foregrounding quandaries stemming from my ain values and moralss and how these were overcome or addressed. As antecedently indicated I will get down by sketching the bureau involved and my ain duties. The bureau is in statutory mental wellness and is a average security infirmary where persons have been detained under assorted subdivisions of the Mental Health Act 1983 ( DOH: 1983 ) . Persons with a forensic history may besides hold been detained at the installation after having a infirmary order via the condemnable justness system. The installation besides houses wrongdoers who have developed, or have displayed open symptoms of mental unwellness, such as paranoid schizophrenic disorder, whilst functioning a tutelary sentence and have been transferred to the installation for appraisal or to get down intervention. As such, due to the length of detainment a figure of patients require societal work aid. My duties, when covering straight with Charles as an inmate, were to help with a assortment of societal work issues. These ranged from lodging affairs, benefit entitlement, obtaining information through interviews for approaching Tribunal and Border Agency Hearings and to see and program for aftercare agreements upon discharge. I besides worked as portion of a wider squad within the installation where my input could be used to measure Charles mental presentation and associated hazards. This on-going appraisal could be used to inform squad believing when sing future attention planning and any possible hazards posed and demonstrates a focal point on the installations drive to Regularly proctor, re-assess, and manage hazard to persons, households, carers, groups and communities in line with the National Occupational Standards for Social Work ( GSCC, 2002: 4.12.3 ) . The function was progressively of import when Charles applied for a Tribunal Hearing with the purpose of being discharged from the installation back into the community. A referral to a community mental wellness squad was to be arranged and suited adjustment and appropriate degrees of support sourced. It would besides be of import to intercede with bureaus supplying eventual aftercare on an on-going footing so that hazards could go on to be managed and the installation was able to stay actively involved in Charles attention in the community. Before the hazards involved in Charles instance can be explored in greater item I will foremost supply some background to Charles instance and the ground for the installations engagement. Charles is a white male in his early mid-thirtiess who has been resident in the UK for over 5 old ages, holding settled here from another state. Charles suffered from a mental unwellness and was charged with aggravated burglary and attempted slaying after assailing a member of the public and trying to coerce entry to the victim s belongings. Whilst in detention expecting sentence at that place was concern for his mental province which led to the engagement of the bureau and his transportation to the installation for appraisal and intervention. Charles has since been diagnosed and treated for paranoid schizophrenic disorder and responded good to medicine, doing a good recovery. Bradley ( 2009 ) provinces in the instance of mental unwellness: the anti-social behavior is straight related to or driven by facets of mental upset. In this instance, effectual intervention of the mental upset would be probably to cut down the hazard of farther anti-social behavior ( Bradley, 2009: p17 ) . As such the bureau supports his conditional discharge into the community sing his unwellness to be under control and Charles to be low hazard to the public hazard to the public being a cardinal facet in White Documents such as Modernising Mental Health Services ( DOH:1998 ) used to inform authorities mental wellness policies such as Journey to Recovery ( DOH:2001 ) . The instance for conditional discharge is complex due to the nature of the offense and Charles current in-migration position as The Ministry of Justice and the Borders Agency are presently taking stairss to behave Charles. Due to this all clinical and societal work planning has to be hazard focused in order to confirm and supply grounds for a successful entreaty to stay in the UK. Charles had been found non guilty of the charges by pleading insanity as per subdivision 5 of the Criminal Procedure ( Insanity ) Act 1964. Therefore he was considered by the tribunal aˆÂ ¦unfit to plead, but to hold done the act or made the skip of which they are accused, the tribunal may do an order under this subdivision ( Jones, 2008: p216 ) . The tribunal made Charles capable to Mental Health Act 1983 ( DOH:1983 ) sections 37 powers of tribunals to order infirmary admittance and care and 41, power of higher tribunals to curtail discharge from infirmary ( Jones, 2009: p2 ) . To critically analyze this class of action, the condemnable justness system, by holding Charles was exhibiting symptoms of a mental unwellness and condemning suitably and puting him in the installation, can be said to hold already begun to turn to immediate and future hazards posed. The tribunals segmenting prevented Charles from presenting a hazard to other inmates and to himself, whilst guarding against the hazard of isolation an undiagnosed and untreated unwellness may hold subjected him to in detention. Upon appraisal by the Responsible Clinician, Charles was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenic disorder. Charles was non considered to hold capacity to decline intervention under subdivision 58 of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 ( DOH: 2005 ) , and began a class of medicine to alleviate the symptoms and cut down his immediate hazard. Further to this, in a state of affairs where a sectional in-patient garbages medication the installation has the power to enforce intervention without consent, nevertheless, MacLaughlin ( 2001 ) states Under current statute law nonvoluntary intervention can merely be given when person is an in-patient . This means that in order to cut down and understate the hazard posed by an single agony from mental unwellness, they must be an in-patient to have nonvoluntary intervention or actively consent to intervention in the community. To this terminal the clinical squad were merely prepared to back up a conditional discharge whereby intervention could be continued in the community in line with the Mental Health ( Patient in the Community ) Act 1995 which states certain mental patients are to be obligatorily monitored in the community after discharge ( cited in Tovey, 2007: p145 ) . Further to this Doel states The protection of one person, whether kid or grownup, may imply a limitation of their rights to act as they choose or it may curtail others ( 2005: p200 ) . Following the determination to back up a conditional discharge I conducted a figure of interviews within the remit of my societal work function to garner grounds for a Social Work Report the extroverted Tribunal Hearing. These face to confront interviews, utilizing a narrative attack to data aggregation ( Maclean, 2008: p109 ) , were conducted to set up how Charles saw his hereafter in the community, but besides had the double intent of foregrounding any possible hazards to enable consideration to inform how these could be managed. By taking his positions into history this demonstrates how I worked in partnership with Charles. Tovey ( 2007 ) provinces: There is now, more than of all time before, a professional and governmental realization that societal workers need to work with clients in an empowering and inclusive manner ( 2007: p160 ) , Therefore treatments were inclusive and empowered Charles to inform me of his adjustment and location penchants, and besides how he saw his future chances in relation to instruction or employment. In his reappraisal into mental wellness and the condemnable justness system Bradley ( 2009 ) included findings of a 2007 study by HM Inspectorate of Prisons which found that: Poor conformity by patients with resettlement and intervention governments resulted in possible re-offending. In some instances, no engagement by patients in their relocation planning, intensifying conformity issues and entree to allow services increased hazard to practicians and the wider community ( HMIP: 2007 ) . By working in partnership and in a individual centred mode with Charles it could be said that future hazards were already being addressed. To critically analyze my attack and to get down to associate our contact to put on the line appraisal theoretical accounts and theories, my initial attack demonstrates I was following a clinical attack to appraisal and concentrating on possible hazards and menaces to Charles mental wellness, and non the actuarial hazard he himself posed. In a context of forensic psychiatric pattern and the condemnable justness system, involvement in the issues of dangerousness focal points on hazard appraisal in the sense of injury to the populace Fernando et Al ( 1998: p75 ) , a position which echoes authorities policy in relation to mental wellness. Therefore, in order to measure future hazard posed by Charles the usage of specific psychological appraisal tools to foretell force such as the Historical, Clinical and Risk Management Scales ( HCR-20 ) and Health of the Nation Outcome Scales ( HoNOS ) could be researched in order to be cognizant of anticipations of future hazard and reoffending, instead than following a one dimensional attack to assessment ( cited in Gray, 2008: p384-7 ) . I recognised that in order to efficaciously measure hazard, both clinical and actuarial demand to be taken into consideration in order to derive a better penetration and more holistic attack to put on the line appraisal ( cited in Maclean, 2008: p130-2 ) . I had addressed hazards to my ain safety when meeting with Charles by following the installations risk direction and the bar and direction of force policies. Interviews were conducted within a secure puting on a ward and should any state of affairs nowadays a menace to my personal safety I had a personal dismay which would alarm nursing staff. Further to this, subdivision 4.53 the Mental Health Act 1983 Code of Practice lineations that although patients should be seen on a one to one footing, if the worker feels it is a menace to their ain personal safety they can bespeak another professional to be present ( Cited in Jones, 2009: p30 ) . This demonstrates that I understood the nature of hazard to myself and its direction ; hence the same attack would necessitate to be employed when sing Charles hereafter in the community amongst the populace. Stevenson and Parsloe see there to be three different types of hazard physical, societal and emotional ( cited in Doel, 2005: p199 ) , by following this attack and taking a more holistic attack to put on the line appraisal this increases the figure of possible hazards to see in Charles instance. Whilst the list is non thorough I considered these to be cardinal hazards in Charles instance: hazard to self, hazard to others, hazard of exposure and societal isolation, hazard to victim and hazard of backsliding. By sing these and measuring the related hazards I could see risk direction schemes to undertake the related issues. For illustration, as Charles is non a UK national and has a immensely decreased support web he is at hazard of societal isolation. By measuring this as a hazard programs can be considered to battle this issue and to help his colony into the community. An purpose of the authorities policy National Service Framework for Mental Health is to aˆÂ ¦ensure wellness and societal services promote mental wellness and cut down the favoritism and societal exclusion associated with mental wellness jobs ( DOH:1999 ) . These issues could hold been addressed by actively sourcing, and working in partnership with bureaus that could help Charles colony into the community, and to help Charles in prosecuting in educational or recreational activities. For illustration, when carry oning an interview Charles shared that he is a Jehovah Witness. This is one avenue that could be explored to enable him to pattern his faith, engage with others of the same belief system and organize appropriate relationships with equals. Engagement in the community of his pick could besides instil a sense of belonging to the country he may be placed in. To accomplish this, there were a assortment of accomplishments employed to transport out the interviews, hazard appraisal and informations aggregation. For the intent of showing these accomplishments I have chosen to reflect on hearing and entering accomplishments. Recording and listening accomplishments were paramount in order to accurately document the interviews. The information collected had to be used for more than one intent after each meeting it was a clinical policy that the consequences of any contact was documented on the in-house computing machine system. This allowed other professionals accessing Charles notes to be cognizant of the ground for the interview, the results and of any future action to be taken. It besides provided an chance to measure Charles mental province at that minute and to flag any concerns, for illustration if he was exhibiting any irrational beliefs. In order to set up this careful consideration had to be given to what was being said. This had to be done from a professional position and to reflect events accurately, forbearing from including personal sentiment or doing premises. There were a figure of challenges to entering information. The interviews I conducted were for the most portion semi-structured. By critically analyzing this attack I can see that this sometimes made it hard to enter everything that was discussed accurately. By taking notes I felt this distracted my ability to listen efficaciously to Charles responses. I found that after the interview was ended I would so hold to pass clip make fulling in any spaces whilst it was still fresh in my head. Should I be approached by another patient I was working with to discourse their instance when go forthing the unit, this could impact my ability to reflect on the interview accurately. The dangers of this being that something of import may be missed. Therefore a scheme was adopted where I would stay in the interview room undisturbed after the meeting to finish my notes whilst the interview was still fresh in my head. Similarly, in line with Smale and Tuson s ( 1993 ) Questioning Model, as the purpose was sometimes to garner specific information for a study this led to the meeting fulfilling my ain docket and became a barrier to turn toing wider issues Charles may hold had ( cited in Maclean, 2008: p113 ) . By reflecting on this I could see that, despite a thrust to work in partnership with Charles, I was sometimes actively commanding interviews to fulfill clinical docket, whereby the consequences could be used to perchance curtail Charles in the hereafter. Despite a thrust to Balance the rights and duties of the persons, households, carers, groups and communities with associated hazard ( GSCC, 2002: 4.12.2 ) , it was clear that Charles rights were secondary to put on the line, and that the legal and policy model in this country of mental wellness were efficaciously in control. I reflected that this caused me a grade of personal struggle, which I had to accept, as although I understood the badn ess of the offense, my emotional response as a private person was to experience sympathy as such a high degree of microscopic invasion which would go on indefinitely in the community for many old ages. I could nt alter this I simply had to run within the model of the intercession. My individuality and values and moralss were continually challenged during the clip I worked with Charles. Initially, due to the nature of the installation and the offenses that had been committed by the wrongdoers detained at that place, I was missing in assurance and fixated on the offense that he had committed and worried for my ain safety. My simplistic position of offense and penalty was challenged and it was merely through exposure that I began to develop a deeper apprehension and to see past the offense and to the individual. It became clear that I had preconceived thoughts about what to anticipate and had made opinions about people. It was merely by hearing personal narratives and the alone fortunes that I began to to the full prosecute in the work I was set abouting and to actively back up the persons, instead than merely put to death a societal work map. The quandary being that my ain professional rawness, and my ain personal positions on how to pull off hazards, could go f orth me unfastened to use by seasoned wrongdoers and my deficiency of cognition of relevant jurisprudence and policy addition danger of non offering the right counsel and offer hope where there was none. These obstructions were overcome by deriving direct experience on arrangement and from detecting other professionals put to deathing their functions. To associate this to Kolb s ( 1984 ) Experiential Learning Theory, the experiences informed my apprehension and enabled me to develop an appropriate manner of brooding societal work pattern ( Maclean, 200: p88-9 ) . This has increased my assurance in my ability to use myself to other societal work service user groups efficaciously and cemented the demand for continued contemplation and on traveling personal analysis. This demonstrates how the intercession and designation of hazard became more effectual over clip as my working relationship with Charles developed. As the instance is still on-going the hazard direction has non yet been to the full executed, necessitating Charles to be in the community before these can be put into action. My engagement has, nevertheless, ensured that issues of hazard have been identified and the clinical squad are cognizant of possible stairss that can be taken to understate these on Charles eventual discharge. Therefore, due to my rawness at the start of the intercession I do non experience that could hold done much otherwise, but due to this experience feel that I can now near similar state of affairss in a more direct and proactive manner now I have increased cognition and a better apprehension of the issues of hazard that need to be addressed. Similarly, I have a more in-depth apprehension of what services I am able to offer as an employee. In decision, I have outlined Charles instance, the bureaus engagement and the work I carried out, I have explained some of the relevant legal and policy determining the instance and how this is used to turn to issues of hazard. I have provided illustrations of hazard appraisal and direction and my application of these, foregrounding the issues of hazard as I saw them. I have reflected on my ain accomplishments used during the intercession and how these could be improved. I have reflected on the results of the intercession up to its current phase and the ethical and personal individuality issues at drama during the intercession and how these were overcome.