Discuss changes and similarities in Roman Republic art and Essay

Discuss changes and similarities in Roman Republic art and architecture as opposed to Roman Imperial art and architecture - Essay Example This research aims to evaluate and present one feature which is noticeable from the Republican period of Roman art. This is the tendency to imitate Greek models of sculpture. Hellenist artists were much admired by the Romans, not just in sculpture but also in literature, music and all kinds of arts and crafts. In sculpture this influence can be seen very clearly in the muscular, semi-naked bodies and the static poses which exude a sublime and noble authority: â€Å"Critics are united in acknowledging the enormous debt owed to Greece by all branches of Roman art.† A good example of the way that Romans imitated Greek culture in the early days of the Republic can be seen in the statue of Diaoumenos which is a marble copy of a Greek bronze. The different material makes it somewhat stiffer and more formal than the bronze original must have been, but it shows a similar preoccupation with physical prestige. Vergil’s account of the early history of Rome contains an illuminating passage on the differing value systems that existed between Greeks and Romans. Anchises says: â€Å"Others will cast their breathing figures more tenderly in bronze and bring more lifelike portraits out of marble. Roman, remember by your strength to rule earth’s peoples for your arts are to be these: to pacify, to impose the rule of law to spare the conquered, battle down the proud.† This suggests that the emphasis for Romans may have been more on the symbolism of power and authority that these statues conveyed, than appreciation of the physical beauty of the piece. There are also technical differences in the way that the Romans adapted Greek techniques and styles. Jackson points out that the Roman funerary rights often involved the production of realistic death masks, from which also portraits in three dimensional marble could be made later, and explains the verism of late republican portrait statues as being partly derived from this tradition: â€Å"the death mask emphasizes the construction of the face and skull, whilst Hellenistic art shows more concern for the plastic rendition of muscle and for the surface detail generally.†

A short SF story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

A short SF story - Essay Example They did not succeed, however, in achieving improvements on scientific matters, since their resources were scarce. They sensed that something was missing that could improve their lives. They needed to become strong and fearless of what they would encounter on the surface, an unknown site to them. Eager to wonder into the unknown they set off into their voyage. They had old technologies that they managed to acquire from their ancestors from the 21st Century. They thought that the key elements to their science inquiries would be found in the old human beings ´ technologies. They thought that if they worked on some of the technological paradigms that they had on file, they could reconstruct a better life for their species. They would be able to enjoy a surface they had no idea of what to expect. Everything would be new to them and perhaps they would find other survivors, other species, and other galaxies. They had difficulties working with the technology they found since it was outdated and they lacked the necessary tools to update it to function according to their needs. Due to the fact that they had lived underground for so long and were constantly experimenting, they were ingenious and found ways to adapt the technological devices according to their needs. The survivor idea was both a good feeling as well as a bad feeling. They would possibly find good natured species that would want the wellbeing of all but they could also find minds with destructive thoughts, such as the ones that brought them to what they had become. It was not an easy decision to make. They wanted to expand their knowledge, travel into the galaxy, and help endure life as they knew it. Fortunately, they had the reproductive means to continue for generations but they wanted to improve their species. They wanted to become that which they were in the 21st Century with major improvements. They thought that the only way to achieve their goal would be to find

Advantages Of Various Types Of Economic Systems Assignment

Advantages Of Various Types Of Economic Systems - Assignment Example The economic system decides the amount and the mechanism of the resource allocation. The factors of production, the organizations, and the market forces comprise the economic system that interacts with each other with an aim to resolve the economic problems (Anderton, 2009, p. 30). This economic system is of various types depending on the impact of market forces on the system. A free economy is one in which the market forces are solely responsible for the determination of the price and quantity and the resources are allocated automatically without any kind of government intervention. On the other hand, in the case of the mixed economy, the market mechanism is allowed to operate but to a limited extent. In a mixed economy, there is the coexistence of the public and private enterprises in the economy. It has been argued by many scholars that the free market economy operates on a higher level of efficiency compared to the mixed economies. Analysis of the Statement In order to understand the level of efficiency of these two types of the economy it is essential to analyze the characteristics of these economies. A free market economy is characterized by the private ownership of the means of production. The government’s role is limited to the regulatory and legal aspects of ensuring the rights of the people. The people who are existent in the economy have the right to operate in the market and buy and sell goods and services at the price and quantities that are determined by the market mechanism. The government may have regulation in form of quotas or tariffs that does not hamper the free market environment in such economies (Samuelson and ? Nordhaus, 2010, p. 31). The market structure that is existent in such economies is based on the competitive framework. The decision making of the allocation of resources id decentralized because of each individual and decide how much to buy or sell in the market depending on the efficiency level.  

Research Methodolgy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research Methodolgy - Essay Example Knowing the manner of data collection readers would be able to evaluate the validity as well as reliability of the results, and the conclusions which were drawn from them. A method of a certain research depends on the type of research conduction and approaches used in the study. The study can be Quantitative type or a Qualitative Research. Quantitative methodologies assume that collected data are measurable, or if they are not, it is necessary to design an experiment or computer simulation in a way that respective measurements can be taken. Once the measurements are done, the problem is to fit (in a broad sense) the data adequately. Derived dependencies are then interpreted in the context of the initial problem formulation with a possible test of the hypothesis about the nature of the data and the errors in the measurements. In qualitative methods, the interest is centered on the qualitative characteristics of the phenomenon. Rather than trying to quantify every detail, these methods try to grasp the Quantitative and qualitative methods are relatively distinctive in the emphasis they position on each (Stake, 1995). For quantitative inquiries, argumentation is based on a demonstration of the phenomenon as a fixed set of variables. There, systematic statistical or further functional relations between the factors or variables. Meanwhile, in qualitative researches, argumentation is with reference on a description of the research observation units fairly than on approximation of some degree of number of variables. The purpose of quantitative research is simply to elucidate observed phenomena; to provide the capacity to predict as well as to control examined concepts. As a result, these concepts call for quantification. The proceeding pages present summaries and criticisms of the two selected research topics (one quantitative and the other one is the qualitative research), as well as the

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Case analysis - Essay Example It operates under a decentralized management approach based on the belief that the leaders maintain a close contact with patients and customers by addressing their needs. The company has maintained the values of their customers employing a business performance in providing its services. The strategic move adopted by J&J to reach this position is the operation under a competent diverse board of directors. The corporate strategy of J&J has enabled it expand its markets in America’s competitive health sector. It currently operates 134 manufacturing facilities and 8 innovation centers globally. That enables it to innovate new products and achieve customer satisfaction in service delivery. Synergy has helped J&J manufacture and produce better products and deliver services that satisfy customers’ demands through improved growth and innovation. CEO Weldon formed a corporate office that encouraged J&J’s business units to work with other firms in promoting and identifying opportunities. The cooperation between J&J and H4+ has helped reduce mortality rate in children and reduce pregnancy and birth related complications in women. Weldon employs his persuasive skills in luring firms to work with them and convince Doctors and Hospitals to try their products. Weldon uses his leadership skills to implement synergy at J&J by promoting collaboration and participation within and across cross-functional business units. Weldon has succeeded in drawing the diverse skills of J&J’s business units across the three divisions as a way of promoting innovation. Gorsky needs to maintain good communication with other firms to promote synergy. That consequently expands J&J’s domination in the economic

Role Model Essay Example for Free

Role Model Essay Many times in life, we come across a tough, influential person who leaves a great and powerful impact on our lives. Maybe it is an actress, superhero, family, teacher, or just a stranger who did something that changes your thoughts and decisions about life. Fortunately, I came across to someone who supported me from the very beginning of the journey of my life. That person is my beloved mother, who taught me to walk my first steps, who introduced me to the crazy side of life, and who has always been there for me when I needed her. Ever since I could remember, she has been right beside me supporting any goal I was trying to reach, even when it was incredibly ridiculous to everybody else. When I grow old with my own children, I hope I can be there for my kids, and make an unforgettable impact on their lives the way she did for me. I was raised by both of my parents in America after we legally travelled from Malaysia. While my father worked a full time job, my mother stayed home and looked after me. At a young age, I had a large portion of the day with just my mother. I was never a neglected child. She taught me to always carry a smile and to look at the positives in life instead of fretting about the negatives. When I was bored, she would stop her daily chores and watch television with me. If I complained of starvation, she would immediately cook or take me out for food. When I was sick, she took care of me and stayed up all night in case of any bad changes. If I wanted a new toy, she would nag about how hard it is to earn money but she will always end up buying it for me. I didn’t realize at the time, but in my heart, she was already an irreplaceable mother. Eventually, I started to attend school regularly and my mother got a full time job in Long Island. We spent less and less time together, and our relationship began to grow apart. Fights led to more fights up until there was a time when she finally broke down. She told me about all her stress, she told me she wanted things for my own good, and she told me she wanted a bright future for me so I wouldn’t have to work as hard as she did just for a living. After taking all that in, I was very grateful that my mother, who never attended college, was still trying her hardest to help support the family and gaining extra money to buy the things I yearn for. I admired my mother for having the courage to speak up to me even though it was risking between us getting in a bigger fight or me understanding her. Other mothers might be yelling at their kids for coming home past midnight. Even though my mother was angry, she kept up with me. She asked me calmly for the reason and then persuades me into telling her beforehand next time. Other mothers might be throwing out their kid’s make-up, but my mother bought me the make-up along with skincare products and taught me how to use it. Other mothers might be terrified to find out their kids dating at 16, but my mother asked me to take things slowly and try to make the best decisions for myself. Other mothers might complain when their child received a failing grade on their test, but my mother hired a $50 hourly tutor for me to catch up in my class. Other mothers might nag everyday about their kid’s messy room, but I never came home to a messy room before. Other mothers might be whipping their kids when they tell them they won’t be able to start college in time, but my mother is proud I graduated from GED. Everyone has that one special person they look up to as a role model by finding someone who has admirable traits that you want to inquire. This could be someone you’re proud of or does things that you appreciate. My mother taught me the importance of family, and self-respect. She showed me the value of a dollar and proved thee are second chances in every corner of life. She guided me to forgiving people even when I tell myself I would never forgive someone again. My mother had demonstrated how to give back to others in need, even when you can use a little help yourself. She is the most phenomenal mother, best friend, secret-teller, chef, guidance-counselor, teacher, and role model I’ll ever encounter.

Case study on hypertesion and chest pains.

Case study on hypertesion and chest pains. History of Present Illness: Mr. AS, an 85 year old, Caucasian male, with a history of hypertension and chest pain presents today not knowing how he got to the assisted living facility. The patient states he arrived at the facility 3 years ago, unaware of how he got there or why (the chart states his arrival as April 28, 2009). Mr. AS states that he was told he had a stroke, and was aware that his legs were not working correctly. He doesnt remember having the stroke, but states that he was 83 years old when it happened. He now has lost the ability to walk and has also given up trying. His legs and arms feel weak. His arms hurt from trying to use his walker. He currently does not lift weights to strengthen his arms so that they dont get as exhausted when using his walker. Patient denies any prickling or tingling sensations. He also only exercises with his walker when he is made to, once a day during physical therapy. He states that he would rather use his wheelchair. He states that he has accepted the fact that h e will not walk again, but is content just breathing and talking. He is not in any pain currently, still has feeling in his legs, but cannot move them. He also states that he was diagnosed with early stages of Alzheimers 30 years ago. His chart states that he was diagnosed with dementia at 55 years old. Patient is oriented to time and place, however, he has trouble remembering what he did yesterday. He can recall memories from years ago. He also states that he spends most of his day sleeping, but doesnt feel tired, rather feels rested. Mr. AS also complains of coughing, that sometimes produces a clear sputum. He states that he was a smoker 20 years ago, for 40 years, with a 160 pack year history. He occasionally wheezes. Past Medical History: Current Medication List: Mirtazapine 15 mg tablet PO once at bedtime for depression. Namenda 10 mg tablet PO every 12 hours for Alzheimers. Allopurinol 300 mg tablet PO 1 daily for hyperuricemia. Aspirin single tablet chewable PO 81 mg to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke, and pain relief. Certavite antioxidant tablet 18 mg PO 1 daily as multivitamin and mineral supplement. Loratadine 10 mg 1 tablet PO 1 daily for rhinorrhea/allergies. Nifedipine 90 mg tablet PO 1 daily for chest pain and hypertension. Metoprolol tartrate 25 mg PO 1 tablet daily for chest pain hypertension. Nasal decongestant 0.05%SP 2 sprays per nostril 2 times a day for rhinorrhea/allergies. Omeprazole 20 mg 1 table PO 2x a day for ulcers/ GERD. Aricept 10 mg 1 tablet PO at bedtime for dementia. Tamsulosin HCL 0.4mg capsule 1 PO at bedtime for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Zolpidem tartrate 5 mg tablet 1 PO at bedtime as a sleep aid. Acetaminophen 500 mg tablet give 2 tablespoon PO every 6 hours as needed for high temperatures. Patient diagnosed with hypertension when he was 40 years old (currently controlled with medication). Patient states that he had a pace maker put in when he was 45 years old, and thinks it was to relieve chest pain. Patient thinks that he has been told he has high cholesterol, but he is unsure. Patients chart states that he has a history of hypertension, respiratory treatment, and chest pain. Patient was diagnosed with dementia at the age of 55, and had a stroke at 83 years old. Patient also had appendectomy due to appendicitis and an inguinal hernia repair when he was 10 years old. Patient has no known allergies. Family History: The patient states that he has one living adult son who calls often, but doesnt visit much as he is overweight and has back pain. He remembers that one of his grandmothers passed away from TB, but he could not recall when. He has no grandchildren, and does not recall how anyone else in his family passed away. He states that he has no family history of hypertension, cancer, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, or psychiatric disease. He was married twice, and both wives are now deceased, but he does not remember when or the cause of death for either wife. No other information could be appreciated from the chart or patient, so a family member will need to be contacted to assess his risk for diseases. Social History: He currently has a girlfriend who lives in Miami Beach. The patient states that he currently is not sexually active, does not drink, do drugs, or smoke nicotine. He stopped smoking 20 years ago, but before that he smoked for 40-50 years, 4 packs a day (160 pack year history). Currently he does not follow a diet at the ALF, but eats what they feed him every day. He states that he builds clocks during the day as a hobby, and this keeps him happy. Review of Systems: General: Patient denies any fatigue, weight or appetite changes. Skin: Patient denies any changes. Head: Patient denies headaches, bumps/bruises, or dizziness. Eyes: Patient states that he no longer needs to wear glasses since the stroke, as he can now see. Ears: Patient cant hear out of the left ear, but states that his right ear is fine. Nose/Throat/Mouth: Patient denies any changes in smell or taste, or problems swallowing. He feels tickling in his throat when he talks too much. Respiratory: Patient states that he has a constant cough, which sometimes produces clear sputum. He also occasionally wheezes and states that he had asthma as an adult and has used an inhaler. Cardiovascular: Patient denies any pain, but states he has a pace maker. He denies palpitations as well. Gastrointestinal: Patient denies any pain or cramping. Patient has been constipated for the past 20-30 years, only defecating once a month. Genitourinary: He urinates 2-3 times a day, but has no control, and must wear a diaper. Patient denies polydipsia or hematuria. Neurologic: See HPI Musculoskeletal: See HPI Endocrine: Patient denies any excessive thirst, changes in appetite, or weight changes. Hematopoetic: Patient denies any skin color changes, easy bruising, or bleeding. Psychiatric: SIGECAPS negative, and patient denies depression, fluctuating moods, or suicidal thoughts. See HPI Physical Examination: Vital Signs: Temp afebrile to touch, BP 132/72, pulse 60 bpm, RR 16 bpm, BMI 29 General: Overweight male currently not in respiratory or cardiac distress. Skin: Darker brown discolored non-raised plaques on both arms, skin dry and warm to touch. Ulcers present on right ankle (2 cm wide, circular, and 1 cm above medial malleolus) and left shin (3 cm wide, circular, and 6 cm below tibial tuberosity). Left leg is erythematous, at the mid-tibia region. HEENT: No icterus and no jaundice present, head is normocephalic, with normal hair distribuition. No lymphedenopathy present in occipital, periauricular, postauricular, tonsilar, submandibular, subtonsilar, anterior chain, posterior chain, and supraclavicular lymph nodes. Patient cant hear out of left ear. Both ears have compacted cerumen present. Patient does not wear corrective lenses, and could not see the eye chart to assess visual acuity. His eyes react slower than normal to light, but EOM are bilaterally intact. Patients mouth is moist, with a few teeth missing on top and bottom, and no signs of central or peripheral cyanosis. No carotid bruits, no jugular venous distention, and the trachea is midline. The thyroid is non-papable. Lung: Chest is symmetrical, with diaphragm excursion 6 cm bilaterally. Left lung field breath sides decreased compared to the right lung field. There is also wheezing heard in the right lung field. Right lung field is resonant to percussion, but the left lung field is dull to percussion. Vibrations felt throughout for tactile vocal fremitus. No crackles or rales heard. Heart: No thrills, murmers, bruits over the carotid, or extra heart sounds heard. Rate and rhythm are regular, and also symmetric at radial, femoral, dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses. S1 and S2 heard in all regions. Abdomen: Scar preset from a stomach tube that was placed for feeding. Patient doesnt recall when or why the tube was placed. Chart did not specify why either. No bruits heard over the abdominal aorta, renal, or iliac arteries. Borborygmus present. No tenderness, guarding, or rigidity present. There are bulging flanks and spider nevi present. Liver span is 6 cm. Spleen and kidneys non-papable. i Extremities: Patient has weak dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses present (1+ bilaterally). Ankles are swollen, there is no pitting edema present. Musculoskeletal: Lower extremities have normal passive ROM present, but decreased active ROM. Normal passive and active ROM present in upper extremities. Motor strength is decreased in upper(4/5) and lower limbs(3/5). Nervous System: Mental Status: Patient is alert and oriented to place and time, but cannot remember events from yesterday. He can remember events from years ago, and is aware that he is forgetful now with memory loss. Cranial Nerves: Intact, no facial dropping or weakness on either side. Sensory: Lower extremities showed pain sensation and proprioception intact, but no vibration sense present. Reflexes: Lower extremity reflexes were not assessed as patient could not move his legs. Upper extremity reflexes intact. Cerebellar: Babinski intact. Patient could not get out of bed to assess gait. Laboratory Data: Labs taken Dec. 31, 2010 Glucose elevated 122 (normal 70-105 mg/dL) BUN/Cr elevated 1.35 (normal 0.7-1.3 mg/dL) Problem List: 1) Dementia 2) Chest pain 3) Wheezing and Cough 4) Depression 5) Leg/Arm weakness 6) Preventative medicine- routine physical exam, mini mental status exam, psych evaluation, colonoscopy and rectal exam, pneumovax vaccine, influenza shot Assessment: Dementia: Dementia is an impairment of cognitive function, affecting memory, attention, language, and/or problem solving. This impairment has to be lasting 6 months or longer. The first sign of dementia is usually short term memory loss, progressing to memory forming impairment, and later an inability to learn new things. Usually the patient is aware of the memory loss. Eventually the memory loss is too great, and there is a loss of personal hygiene, eating, and other activities of daily living. This also affects mood, and there can be fluctuations between happiness, sadness, and anger. There can be sleep disturbances and personality changes. Depression is one of the major illnesses that can present with dementia. Lastly, there is a complete dependence on others, as the patient can no longer take care of themselves, is disorientated, has memory loss, and in many cases, cannot swallow properly. There are many types of dementia, and once a person has met the requirements to be diagnosed with dementia, the type must be determined. Each type is caused differently, so treatment can vary slightly. The most common type is Alzheimers dementia. Patients with Alzheimers can be differentiated from other types, as these patients are more likely to get lost in familiar places, try to leave home, have difficulty communicating, and have memory problems. This can occur from tau neurofibrilllary protein tangles in the brain and plaque formation. Also there can be a loss of acetylcholine in the brain. Patients with multi-infarct dementia can be differentiated based on a history of smoking, stroke, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Multi-infarct dementia occurs from many small strokes affecting the brain. Patients with vascular-type dementia usually have aphasia, apraxia, a difficulty learning math skills, and often present with neglect. This type of dementia occurs due to cerebrovascular d isease or stroke. Lewy-Body dementia presents with recurrent visual hallucinations, motor impairments similar to Parkinsons disease, and varying levels of attention throughout the day. This can occur due to Lewy bodies (abnormal protein) deposits in the brain, and sometimes a loss of dopamine too. Currently, our patient has been diagnosed with dementia. He meets the criteria for this diagnosis: he has memory loss, is aware of his memory loss, has lost the ability to care for himself, has lost some autonomic function and must wear a diaper, and has been having sleep disturbances. Mr. AS does not recall how he got to the facility, and states that he cant remember what he did yesterday, but can remember stuff from years ago. He no longer can live alone at home without someone to care for him, and has been living at the facility since April 2009. He also states that he sleeps more than he used to, sleeping now for most of the day. A family member must be contacted to assess the changes that have occurred prior to his admittance to the facility, as our patient is unable to tell us of any changes in his status. We also need to contact his family to narrow down which possible type of dementia the patient has based off of his previous behavior prior to entering the facility. If he was experiencing getting lost in familiar places, it could be Alzheimers; he has the risk factors of multi-infarct dementia, especially if he has had more than one stroke; lastly we would need to assess his function before and after the stroke to determine if it was vascular type dementia. He currently has no signs or symptoms of Lewy- body dementia. Our patient is also on medications for Alzheimers type of dementia: Mirtazapine, Namenda, Aricept, and Zolpidem tartrate. These medications help relieve some of the symptoms that our patient has, such as depression and sleep disturbances, and can increase the acetylcholine levels in the brain. Chest Pain: Chest pain can be caused by angina, coronary spasm, MI, pericarditis, gastroesophageal reflux, aortic dissection, and many more causes. Our patient is not currently in any chest pain, but he does have a pace maker. He states he does not know why he was given a pace maker, but states that he has never had any problems or complications with it. A family member needs to be contacted to find out why the pace maker was placed. His chart did not state a reason for the pace maker or state why he was having chest pain. The most common reason for a pace maker is to regulate an arrythymia. An EKG record prior to his placement of his pace maker, can help to determine if an arrhythmia was the reason he had one inserted. A recent EKG will tell us if his heart rate is normal, and if there are any associated pathologies. His medications include: Nifedipine, Metoprolol tartrate, and aspirin, which are all given for chest pain, usually angina and hypertension. He is also taking Omeprazole for GERD. Wheezing and Cough: The most common cause of wheezing is due to a constriction of the airways. This can be an inflammatory response, such as with asthma. Asthma, however, would also cause shortness of breath, which our patient is currently not experiencing, and would be bilateral (unlike only in one side as with our patient). COPD, emphysema, or a lung tumor could be possible causes for his wheezing and coughing. Smoking is a risk factor for all 3, and our patient has a 160 year pack history. It needs to be determined if his wheezing is occurring in the expiratory phase or the inspiratory phase. During the expiratory phase would indicate bronchial disease, but during the inspiratory phase would indicate a foreign body (such as tumor) or scarring. Wheezing heard in both phases could indicate a collapsed lung or portion of lung. Unilateral wheezing also would be more indicative of a lung tumor. There also are no crackles or rales heard in our patient, so fluid in the lungs or turbulent flow does not seem to be the problem. Depression: The cause of depression is unknown, but it is known to be caused by chemical imbalances in the brain. It can also be caused from stress, or a life changing event, such as death of a loved one or social isolation. Depression can present with a number of symptoms such as: fatigue, lack of energy, feelings of worthlessness, feelings of hopelessness, anger, discouragement, irritability, changes in appetite, changes in weight, sleep disturbances, and thoughts of death or suicide. Although our patient has had sleep disturbances, a SIGECAPS interview was negative. His sleep disturbances can be due to dementia. Currently our patient is on medication for depression, Mirtazapine, and should remain on it, so that he does not become depressed. Arms and Leg Weakness: Arm and leg weakness can be caused by a number of things, such as stroke, infectious disease, amputations, and trauma. Our patient suffered a stroke, after which he states he has not been able to use his legs anymore. His legs may be weak, as the nerves may have been damaged from occlusion, and are not able to send complete signals anymore. His arms may be weak from overuse, as he has been learning to use a walker as part of his physical therapy. His arms have to hold up his body now, as his legs cant. Preventative Medicine: Our patient needs to have continuous routine physical exams to assess his ever changing status. A mini mental status exam also should be performed to monitor any changes, or the rate of progression of his dementia. A psych evaluation is needed to determine the extent of his depression and if it is getting better from his medication, or if he is having a more positive outlook on life. Our patient is at the age where a routine colonoscopy and rectal exam should be performed to monitor for colon cancer, prostate cancer, and BPH. Currently our patient is on Tamsulosin for BPH, so it is essential to continually monitor him. Additionally, our patient is elderly and should have a pneumovax vaccine and an influenza shot as prevention for illness. Plan: In addition to the preventative measures listed, in order to assess the patient fully, we will need to contact his family and inquire about if there were any changes in the patients mood, demeanor, physical abilities, and mental status before he was admitted to the facility. His family will also be questioned about their family history of disease, as the patient could not recall how most of his family passed away. To prove our diagnosis, brain scans (CT and MRI) should be performed on the patient and assessed for changes, loss, or infarcts. The patient is also experiencing a constant cough, with a 160 pack year history of smoking so pulmonary function tests should be performed. A chest xray should also be performed to determine if there are any pathological changes within his lungs (such as a tumor) that are causing his wheezing and decreased lung field sounds. This xray can also be used to assess if there have been any cardiovascular changes. Due to the patients past history, he wil l need to be continually monitored for changes. He will also need a CBC to monitor these changes. The patient also will need to have his medication list continually reassessed (additions or deletions) with changes. Currently he is on medication for allergies or rhinorrhea, but he is not experiencing any symptoms of allergies or rhinorrhea, so Loratadine and his nasal decongestant may be removed.