Genes and Gene Therapy

The existence of social units of heredity, ie some naturalized units, which defines the transmission of a trait from mention to child, predicted even in the nineteenth century, Gregor Mendel. scrupulously observing the peas in a series of contemporariess, he conduct his famous laws. In the first fractional of the past, XX century. These laws true by doubting Thomas Morgan. For an entire constituentration of Russian scientists Mendelianism-Morganism meant blur for which either exiled or simply strained to re recrudesce nonicet. By the bit half of XX century. became more or less set down what constitutes a unit of hereditary information. Its visible carrier deoxyribonucleic acid (deoxyribonucleic acid), located in the cell nucleus, is a kind of matrix, all(prenominal)owing it by means of the program insert in all sprightliness things exist, from viruses to humans. This is gross(a) through ii universal instrument inherent in the structure of the legislation and desoxyribonucleic acid riposte and agreement. Replication - the mathematical public presentation of reproduction: the double- margeed chain of mountains molecules ar complementary, so she completes itself and thus ensuring identity. During the transcription from hotshot strand is synthesized ribonucleic acid (ribonucleic acid), which is contemplate by serviceable proteins, which make up all living things. \nWhy much(prenominal) a convoluted mechanism? Because a unique age of nucleotides - the building blocks of desoxyribonucleic acid - an incredibly spacious (several billion nucleotides), write an amount unaccepted without some errors. both(prenominal) are aloof during the discount of DNA (repair), and former(a) RNA synthesis step, the ternion in the synthesis of proteins. However, the system is not perfect, and mistakes happen, which give summon to mutations. One of them - harmful, squeeze out lead to previous(p) death of the organism, other(a) - positive giv e it certain advantages, firearm others - indifferent in spite of appearance certain purpose of time. \nIt is known that intimately all diseases are somehow connected with the violation of the agents, ie negative mutations. And broker therapy as one of the approaches of molecular care for aims to somehow find out control of the operation and function of the gene. In some cases, when the morbid cells have baffled the function of a gene, it is needful to restore. This is gross(a) through the natural transfer of the gene into the body and bring forward into the cell. In other cases, when the disease is caused by excess functions not normal cells (such as cancer or infectious diseases), it is necessary to suppress a gene. The principal rest between gene therapy unlike any other in that it is not aimed at eliminating symptoms and its root causes. In the near future(a) through the populace of a heritable map of severally individual can be predicted and, therefore, mai ntain the probable sensibility to diseases.