Table of Contents ·         Introduction2 ·         General Information, master(prenominal).3-6 o         Mummification...3 o         Journey to Yaru..4 o         Recitation to the Gods4 o         Myth and Rituals.5 o         fountain of the M knocked appear(p)h observance5 · Conclusion5-6 · Bibliography.7 Egyptian laterwards spiritedness Introduction         almost antique patriarch civilizations of the earthly concern ad justice been unraveled, nevertheless i in go againsticular interests me the most. The astonishing legal opinions and lifestyle of the change Egyptians are irrelevant roughly(prenominal) different of its m or either time at solely. These Egyptians had developments and beliefs that are still in some ways a mystery, only if as the years go by, we fuck take away to learn more. If yo u ever wondered what the bastardlyings of some sepulchre traditions or what mummies sincerely were, youll find out as you affirm wind on. I exit discuss the procedures and beliefs of Egyptian futurity.         Egyptian Afterlife General/Main Information at a time an Egyptian dies, there are several(prenominal) things that can be make with their shoot a br sweep awayhers. whiz thing that we business enterprise that can be done with the remains is the demonstrate of mummification, which was provided performed on certain people. So lets expound there. The process of mummification is the form of embalming practiced by the ancient Egyptians that changed everywhere time from the Old Kingdom (ca. 2750-2250 B.C.), when it was available leave off to kings, to the virgin Kingdom (ca. 1539-1070 B.C.), when it was available to everyone. The level of mummification depended on what one could afford. The most fully devel oped form k nonted five basic steps: 1. Al! l of the interior organs, get out the shopping center, were removed. Since the organs were the first mans of the organic structure to molder but were necessary in the afterlife, they were mummified and put in canopic jars that were locate in the tomb at the time of burial. They would take out the contain and clean it with palm wine. The boldness was believed to be the initiate of intuition and emotion and was, therefore, left in the corpse. The brain, on the different hand, was regarded as having no significant value and, beginning in the saucily Kingdom, was removed by the nose and discarded. 2. The body was jammed and cover with natron, a salty drying agent, and left to dry out for forty to fifty mean solar days. By this time all the bodys unstable had been mantled and only the hair, skin, and bones were left. 3. The body cavity was stuffed with resin, sawdust, or linen and shaped to restore the dead persons form and features. They would a like concern th e body with myrrh and other spices. 4. The body was so tightly wrapped in many layers of linen with numerous bang-up part charms, or amulets, wrapped between the layers. The most cardinal amulet was the scarab beetle, which was located over the heart. Jewelry was too placed among the bandages. At separately stage of swathe, a priest recited spells and prayers. This entirely procedure could take as long as cardinal days. After the wrapping was complete, the body was put into a shroud. The entire mummification process besidesk about seventy days. 5. vex to pass the sacrament of opening the mouth of the milliampere - if this were non done the florists chrysanthemum would not be able to eat, drink, breathe or talk. The mummy would and so be placed in a coffin, which so would be placed at bottom a tomb, the sterling(prenominal) of tombs universe a pyramid but only Pharaohs and queens could contain pyramids built. Egyptians pay vast amounts of money to begin their bodies properly preserved. They would involv! e all the things they had used when they were alive, so their families would put those things in their graves. The Egyptians believed that when they died they would assoil a journey to another world where they would lead a youthful life. The Egyptians believed that to get to the afterlife they would mother to pass through a dangerous place with perils such as monsters, turn lakes, fires and especially nasty snakes that spat out poi boy. These evils could be spank by the right spells and the Egyptians often wrote down the spells on piece of medicament and left them in or near the coffin. If they overcame the evils they would reach the yield of Yaru (the Egyptian afterlife) and meet their friends again. But first they had to pass the grea judge canvass of all in the mansion house of Two Truths. This test involved weighing the heart, the only organ which had been left in the body. The heart was placed on one side of a balance and in the other side was placed the squar e of Truth: the Feather of Truth held all the lies and sins of their past life. The 3 enormous gods, Osiris, Anubis and Thoth, decided the result of the weighing. If the heart passed the test then the doomed person was allowed to enter the gates of Yaru. This was where he went to consanguinity his eternal reward where he wandered the shadow land that was the project of the Nile Delta. No famine or sorrows bothered him in this bring up afterlife. But if the heart failed the test then a terrific monster surviven as the Devourer ate it. The devourer was part crocodile, part hippopotamus, and part lion and once it had eaten a heart the dead person was gone forever. Other translations just believed that if the heart weighed too heavy, he would be thrown to the animal gods who rend him to shreds. Here, I have found a recitation that some whitethorn have said to the Gods upon his/her encounter with them: Homage to thee, O great God, Lord of Maati! I have come unto thee, O my Lord, and I have brought myself hither that I may ! recognize thy beauties. I know thee, I know thy name, I know the name calling of the forty-two Gods who live with thee in the Hall of Maati...I have not committed sins against men. I have not opposed my family and kinfolk. I have not acted fraudently in the croupe of Truth. I have not known men who were of no account. I have not defrauded the humble man of his property. I have not done what the gods abominate. I have not vilified a striver to his master. I have not inflicted pain. I have not caused anyone to go hungry. I have not made any man to weep. I have not committed murder....I have not encroached on the fields (of others). I have not added to the weights of the scales...I have not driven the cows away from their pastures. I have not snared the geese in the goose-pens of the gods. I have not caught fish with bait made of the bodies of the aforesaid(prenominal) kind of fish. I have not stopped body of water when it should flow...I am pure, I am pure. I am pure...         This recitation, when studied, was seen as a disallow one. Instead of stating what the Ka had done, the Ka stated what he has not done. The Ka was the duplicate world that was stored in the heart as a vital describe possessed by every being. In addition to a ka, each person had a ba. The ba was the individual of the person. After remainder, the ka and the ba were united into one entity called the akh, which is an shot of the sun. They thought that if the body was preserved after death the ka and ba would still remain alive. This is why the Egyptians thought mummification was so important. Myth and Rituals         A popular idea of death and changeover was found on the legend of King Osiris, whom the Egyptians believed was killed and dismembered by his grasping brother Seth, reassembled by his faithful wife Isis, and brought punt to life by his son Horus. When the Opening of the Mouth ceremony was done at Egyptian funerals, it was a reenac tment of the ceremony Horus had performed for his fat! her. After his spiritual rebirth Osiris became known as the god of the underworld.
        The Opening of the Mouth watching         On the ordinal day after a persons death, when the embalming and wrapping were completed, the mummy was placed in a coffin and taken to the tomb. The body was transported as part of a long line of people and possessions. neighboring to the mummy were two women representing the goddess Isis and her sister Nephthys. pot these two was a congregation including mourners, priests, and servants carrying tomb furnishings. The canopic chest with the mummys int ernal organs was carried one after another in line. star of the priests burned incense and sprinkled milk along the path. At the tomb, the group was met by dancers and a priest who read spells in maintain of the dead. Next came the very important Opening of the Mouth ceremony, based on the Osiris legend. A priest eroding a jackal-headed masquerade representing the god Anubis held the mummys coffin upright time another priest touched the mouth of the mummy with rite instruments. The Egyptians believed that from a persons death until the performance of this ceremony the body could not hear, see, or speak. Once the ceremony was finished, the use of the senses returned and the deceased could eat and drink in the afterlife. After the ceremony an offering of food, ointment, and habilitate was portrayn to the deceased. With this completed, a whopping funerary banquet was enjoyed by the mourners, with entertainment in valuate of the dead provided by musicians and dancers. plot t he banquet was going on, the deceased was placed insi! de the tomb, and the footsteps of those who had been inside were swept away. Now the deceaseds soul could return to the body. Conclusion         Without any further discoveries, this is what is known of the afterlife procedures, beliefs, and rituals. Of course, their beliefs are directly linked with the Egyptian religion, just like other religions have their beliefs of a blissful afterlife. The Egyptian polytheistic views are unique though, and powerfully emphasize the preservation of the tangible body. Like the Hindu belief of reincarnation, the Egyptian beliefs slightly correspond that idea of being brought back to life. As aforementioned, the myth of Osiris claims he was reincarnated by his son, and could possibly mean that those who die strive for the equal goal of being brought back.         One thing that I did not find was anything regarding to Ancient Egyptians having a religious law that would pay off if the heart would fail or pass. F rom previous education, though, I toy with that Egyptians did have a statute to live by, such as the law of Hammurabi and rules for praising each divine being. But the Code was more of a diversity of vow of government or else of an order of religion. It gave them rules of what to do and what to do and the punishments for not enforcing each law. unalike Christianity and some other religions that give sets of rules to live by day by day, the ancient Egyptian religion, from my knowledge, only gave sets of rules of how to respect and evaluate the Gods and Goddesses.         We still have often to learn about the ancient Egyptians and their customs. The unique characteristics of this culture unquestionably draw my interest, but after researching and analyzing, I find the ancient Egyptians fairly simple-minded in the lifestyle area but impressively advanced in technology compared to the rest of the world at that time. I also wonder, because of their simplicity in beliefs, how these beliefs began and who introduc! ed their religion. Bibliography: Brewer, Douglas, and Emily Teeter. Egypt and the Egyptians. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Spencer, A.J. devastation in Ancient Egypt. New York: Penguin Books, 1982. http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projects/Egypt/religion_report.html http://www.paganculture.com/egyptian.html (and other website) If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website:
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